Mark 12:19

"Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother's widow and raise up offspring for him.

Study Bible

Teacher
The term "Teacher" is translated from the Greek word "Διδάσκαλε" (Didaskale), which was a respectful title used for someone who was recognized as a master or instructor, particularly in religious or philosophical matters. In the context of the Gospels, it reflects the respect and authority that Jesus commanded among His followers and even those who questioned Him. This title acknowledges Jesus' role as a spiritual guide and authoritative interpreter of the Law.

Moses wrote for us
This phrase refers to the Mosaic Law, specifically the practice of levirate marriage, which is found in Deuteronomy 25:5-6. The phrase underscores the authority of Moses as the lawgiver in Jewish tradition and highlights the continuity of Jesus' teachings with the Old Testament. The use of "for us" indicates the communal and binding nature of the Law for the Jewish people, emphasizing their identity and covenant relationship with God.

if a man’s brother dies
This scenario sets the stage for the levirate marriage law, which was designed to preserve family lineage and property within the tribe. The death of a brother without offspring was a significant concern in ancient Israelite society, as it threatened the continuation of the family name and inheritance rights. This reflects the communal and familial focus of the culture, where individual identity was closely tied to family and tribal connections.

and leaves a wife but no children
The absence of children in this context is crucial, as it triggers the obligation of levirate marriage. Children were seen as a blessing and a means of continuing the family line. The lack of offspring not only posed a social and economic challenge but also a spiritual one, as it was believed to affect the deceased brother's legacy and memory. This highlights the importance of progeny in biblical times and the cultural emphasis on family continuity.

the man must marry the widow
This directive is rooted in the Hebrew practice of "yibbum," where the brother of the deceased is obligated to marry the widow. The term "must" indicates a strong cultural and legal expectation, reflecting the seriousness with which this duty was regarded. It underscores the sacrificial nature of familial obligations, where personal desires were often subordinated to communal responsibilities.

and raise up offspring for his brother
The purpose of this marriage was to produce offspring who would be considered the legal heirs of the deceased brother, thus ensuring the continuation of his name and estate. This practice reflects the deep-seated belief in the importance of legacy and the perpetuation of one's lineage. It also illustrates the interconnectedness of family and community in ancient Israel, where individual actions had broader implications for the entire clan.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
- The central figure in the Gospel of Mark, who is being questioned by the Sadducees in this passage.

2. Sadducees
- A sect of Judaism during the time of Jesus, known for their denial of the resurrection and their strict adherence to the Torah.

3. Moses
- The great prophet and lawgiver of Israel, who is referenced by the Sadducees as the authority for the law they are discussing.

4. Levirate Marriage
- The practice described in the Mosaic Law where a man is required to marry his deceased brother's widow if the brother died without children, to preserve the family line.

5. The Law of Moses
- The body of laws given to the Israelites, which includes the commandment about levirate marriage found in Deuteronomy 25:5-6.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Law's Purpose
The law of levirate marriage was designed to protect and provide for widows and to ensure the continuation of a family line. It reflects God's concern for family and community.

The Sadducees' Misunderstanding
The Sadducees used this law to challenge Jesus on the resurrection, revealing their misunderstanding of both the law and the power of God. This serves as a reminder to seek a deeper understanding of Scripture rather than using it to justify preconceived notions.

The Importance of Context
When interpreting Scripture, it is crucial to consider the historical and cultural context. The practice of levirate marriage was specific to the cultural and societal needs of ancient Israel.

God's Provision and Care
The law demonstrates God's provision for the vulnerable, such as widows, and His desire for justice and care within the community.

Eternal Perspective
Jesus' response to the Sadducees (in the verses following Mark 12:19) emphasizes the reality of the resurrection and the eternal perspective that believers should maintain.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the practice of levirate marriage reflect God's concern for family and community in ancient Israel?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are interpreting Scripture with the right understanding and not using it to support our own biases?

3. How does the account of Ruth and Boaz illustrate the principles behind the law of levirate marriage?

4. What can we learn from Jesus' response to the Sadducees about the nature of the resurrection and eternal life?

5. How can we apply the principles of care and provision for the vulnerable, as seen in the law of levirate marriage, in our modern context?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-6
This passage provides the original commandment regarding levirate marriage, which the Sadducees reference in their question to Jesus.

Genesis 38
The account of Tamar and Judah, which illustrates the practice of levirate marriage in the patriarchal period.

Ruth 4
The account of Boaz and Ruth, which involves a form of levirate marriage and highlights the importance of family lineage and redemption.

Matthew 22:23-33
and Luke 20:27-40
Parallel accounts of the same interaction between Jesus and the Sadducees, providing additional context and details.