Leviticus 25:4

But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land--a Sabbath to the LORD. You are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard.

Study Bible

But in the seventh year
The phrase "seventh year" refers to the sabbatical year, known in Hebrew as "Shmita." This concept is deeply rooted in the creation narrative, where God rested on the seventh day. The number seven in Hebrew culture symbolizes completion and perfection. The sabbatical year is a time of renewal and trust in God's provision, reflecting the divine order established at creation.

there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest
The term "Sabbath" comes from the Hebrew word "Shabbat," meaning to cease or rest. This rest is not merely physical but spiritual, emphasizing a cessation from labor to focus on God. The "complete rest" for the land signifies a holistic pause, allowing the earth to rejuvenate. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty over creation and His provision for His people.

for the land
The land, or "ha'aretz" in Hebrew, is a significant theme throughout the Bible. It represents God's promise and blessing to His people. The command to let the land rest acknowledges that the earth belongs to God, and humans are stewards of His creation. This stewardship requires obedience and trust in God's provision, even when it means refraining from agricultural activity.

a Sabbath to the LORD
This phrase underscores that the Sabbath year is dedicated to the LORD, or "Yahweh." It is an act of worship and obedience, recognizing God's ultimate authority. The land's rest is not just for ecological benefit but is a spiritual act of devotion, acknowledging God's role as Creator and Sustainer.

You are not to sow your field
The prohibition against sowing fields during the sabbatical year is a test of faith. It challenges the Israelites to rely on God's provision rather than their own efforts. This commandment teaches dependence on God and His faithfulness to provide, even when human logic might suggest otherwise.

or prune your vineyard
Pruning, a common agricultural practice to ensure healthy growth and fruit production, is also forbidden during the sabbatical year. This restriction emphasizes the principle of rest and trust. By not pruning, the Israelites demonstrate their reliance on God to sustain the land and provide for their needs, reinforcing the spiritual discipline of surrender and faith.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God, including the instructions in Leviticus.

2. Israelites
The people to whom the laws were given, who were to observe the Sabbath year as part of their covenant with God.

3. The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which the Israelites were to enter and where they were to observe the Sabbath year.

4. Sabbath Year (Shemitah)
A year of rest for the land, occurring every seventh year, during which the Israelites were commanded not to sow or prune.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who commanded the observance of the Sabbath year as a sign of trust and obedience.

Teaching Points

Trust in God's Provision
The Sabbath year required the Israelites to trust God for their sustenance, teaching us to rely on God's provision rather than our own efforts.

Stewardship of Creation
Allowing the land to rest reflects God's care for creation and calls us to responsible stewardship of the environment.

Rhythms of Rest and Renewal
The principle of rest is vital for spiritual and physical renewal, reminding us to incorporate regular times of rest in our lives.

Obedience and Faithfulness
Observing the Sabbath year was an act of obedience, demonstrating faithfulness to God's commands and His covenant promises.

Social Justice and Compassion
The Sabbath year provided for the poor and marginalized, encouraging us to consider how we can support those in need in our communities.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of the Sabbath year challenge our modern understanding of work and productivity?

2. In what ways can we practice trust in God's provision in our daily lives, especially during times of uncertainty?

3. How can the principle of letting the land rest inform our approach to environmental stewardship today?

4. What are some practical ways we can incorporate rhythms of rest and renewal into our busy schedules?

5. How can the themes of social justice and compassion found in the Sabbath year be applied to our interactions with those in need around us?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 2:2-3
The concept of Sabbath rest originates from God's rest on the seventh day of creation, establishing a pattern of rest and holiness.

Exodus 23:10-11
Earlier instructions about letting the land rest, emphasizing care for the poor and the animals.

Deuteronomy 15:1-2
The release of debts during the Sabbath year, highlighting themes of mercy and provision.

Hebrews 4:9-10
The spiritual rest that believers enter through faith in Christ, paralleling the physical rest of the Sabbath.