Leviticus 21:10

The priest who is highest among his brothers, who has had the anointing oil poured on his head and has been ordained to wear the priestly garments, must not let his hair hang loose or tear his garments.

Study Bible

The priest who is highest among his brothers
This phrase refers to the High Priest, a position of supreme spiritual authority among the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "highest" is "gadol," which signifies greatness or prominence. Historically, the High Priest held a unique role, serving as the primary mediator between God and the people. This position was not just about hierarchy but about spiritual responsibility and leadership, emphasizing the High Priest's role in maintaining the sanctity and purity of worship.

on whose head the anointing oil has been poured
Anointing with oil was a significant ritual in ancient Israel, symbolizing consecration and the Holy Spirit's empowerment. The Hebrew word for "anointing" is "mashach," from which we derive "Messiah," meaning "the anointed one." This act set the High Priest apart for divine service, marking him as chosen by God. The anointing oil itself was a sacred mixture, as described in Exodus 30:22-25, underscoring the holiness and divine approval of the High Priest's office.

and who has been ordained to wear the garments
The High Priest's garments were not merely clothing but were imbued with deep spiritual significance. The Hebrew term for "ordained" is "male," meaning to fill or fulfill, indicating that wearing these garments was a fulfillment of divine command. Each piece of the High Priest's attire, from the ephod to the breastplate, was designed according to God's instructions (Exodus 28), symbolizing various aspects of holiness, judgment, and the covenant relationship between God and Israel.

must not let his hair hang loose
This instruction reflects the cultural and religious norms of mourning practices in ancient Israel. Letting one's hair hang loose was a sign of mourning or distress. The High Priest, however, was to maintain a demeanor of dignity and composure, even in times of personal grief, to reflect the constancy and holiness of God. This command underscores the idea that the High Priest's life was wholly dedicated to God, transcending personal emotions.

or tear his garments
Tearing one's garments was another traditional expression of mourning or extreme emotional distress. For the High Priest, such actions were prohibited to maintain the sanctity and order of the priestly office. This prohibition highlights the principle that the High Priest's duties and appearance were to remain consistent, reflecting the unchanging nature of God's holiness and the perpetual intercession required for the people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The High Priest
The central figure in this verse, the High Priest is the spiritual leader of Israel, set apart by God for special duties in the Tabernacle and later the Temple. He is distinguished by the anointing oil and sacred garments.

2. Anointing Oil
A sacred oil used to consecrate the High Priest, symbolizing the Holy Spirit's presence and the priest's dedication to God's service.

3. Sacred Garments
Special clothing worn by the High Priest, representing his holy status and the dignity of his office.

4. Israel
The nation chosen by God, for whom the High Priest serves as a mediator between them and God.

5. Tabernacle/Temple
The holy place where the High Priest performs his duties, including offering sacrifices and interceding for the people.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Separation
The High Priest's role emphasizes the need for holiness and separation from worldly practices. As believers, we are called to live lives set apart for God.

Symbolism of Anointing
The anointing oil represents the Holy Spirit's work in our lives. We should seek to be filled with the Spirit, allowing Him to guide and empower us.

Respect for Sacred Duties
The High Priest's garments and conduct remind us of the respect and reverence due to our spiritual responsibilities. We should approach our service to God with the same seriousness.

Christ as Our High Priest
Jesus fulfills the role of the High Priest, offering Himself as the perfect sacrifice. We can draw near to God with confidence, knowing that Christ intercedes for us.

Priesthood of Believers
While the High Priest had unique duties, all believers are called to be a royal priesthood, serving God and others with dedication and love.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of the High Priest in Leviticus 21:10 reflect the holiness required of those who serve God?

2. In what ways does the anointing oil symbolize the work of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer?

3. How can we apply the principles of respect and reverence for sacred duties in our daily lives and ministries?

4. How does understanding Jesus as our High Priest enhance our relationship with God and our confidence in prayer?

5. What does it mean to be part of the "royal priesthood" mentioned in 1 Peter 2:9, and how can we live out this calling in practical ways?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28
Describes the sacred garments of the High Priest, emphasizing their importance and the detailed instructions given by God for their creation.

Hebrews 4:14-16
Connects the role of the High Priest to Jesus Christ, our ultimate High Priest, who intercedes for us before God.

1 Peter 2:9
Speaks to the priesthood of all believers, drawing a parallel between the High Priest's role and the spiritual responsibilities of Christians today.