Leviticus 10:17

"Why didn't you eat the sin offering in the holy place? For it is most holy; it was given to you to take away the guilt of the congregation by making atonement for them before the LORD.

Study Bible

Why did you not eat
This phrase is a direct question posed by Moses to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar. The act of eating the sin offering was a commandment given to the priests as part of their duties. In the Hebrew context, the verb "eat" (אָכַל, 'akal) signifies not just physical consumption but also participation in the sacred rites. The priests were to partake in the offering as a means of internalizing the atonement process, symbolizing their role in mediating between God and the people.

the sin offering
The "sin offering" (חַטָּאת, chatta't) was a crucial part of the sacrificial system established in Leviticus. It was designed to atone for unintentional sins and restore the relationship between the Israelites and God. The offering was most holy, indicating its sacredness and the seriousness of sin. The sin offering's purpose was to cleanse and purify, reflecting the holiness required to approach God.

in the sanctuary area
The "sanctuary area" refers to the holy place within the Tabernacle where the priests performed their duties. This area was set apart for divine service, emphasizing the separation between the sacred and the profane. The Hebrew term for sanctuary (מִקְדָּשׁ, miqdash) underscores the concept of holiness and the presence of God. Eating the offering in this area signified the sanctification of the priests and their work.

It is most holy
The phrase "most holy" (קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים, qodesh qodashim) elevates the sin offering to the highest level of sanctity. This designation required the priests to handle the offering with utmost reverence and care. The holiness of the offering reflects God's nature and the need for purity in worship. It also highlights the gravity of sin and the necessity of atonement.

it was given to you
This phrase indicates that the sin offering was a divine provision for the priests. The offering was not just a ritual but a gift from God, entrusted to the priests for the purpose of atonement. The Hebrew verb "given" (נָתַן, natan) implies a transfer of responsibility and privilege, underscoring the priestly role as mediators.

to take away the guilt
The purpose of the sin offering was "to take away the guilt" (לָשֵׂאת אֶת־עֲוֹן, lase't et-avon) of the congregation. The Hebrew word for guilt (עָוֹן, avon) encompasses sin, iniquity, and the resulting burden. The offering symbolized the removal of this burden, allowing the people to stand blameless before God. This act of atonement was central to maintaining the covenant relationship.

of the congregation
The "congregation" (עֵדָה, edah) refers to the entire assembly of Israel. The sin offering was not just for individual sins but for the collective transgressions of the people. This communal aspect highlights the interconnectedness of the Israelites and their shared responsibility in upholding the covenant with God.

by making atonement for them
The process of "making atonement" (לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם, lekhapper alehem) involved covering or purging sin. The Hebrew root (כָּפַר, kaphar) conveys the idea of reconciliation and restoration. Atonement was essential for maintaining the holiness of the community and ensuring God's continued presence among them.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" (לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, lifnei YHWH) signifies the divine audience and approval of the sacrificial act. The offerings were made in the presence of God, emphasizing His sovereignty and the need for His acceptance. This phrase reminds the Israelites of their accountability to God and the importance of aligning their worship with His commands.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who is addressing Aaron and his sons in this passage.

2. Aaron
The high priest and brother of Moses, responsible for performing the priestly duties.

3. Eleazar and Ithamar
Sons of Aaron, who were expected to follow the priestly instructions.

4. The Sanctuary
The holy place where the priests were to perform their duties and eat the sin offering.

5. The Sin Offering
A sacrificial offering made to atone for the sins of the people, symbolizing purification and forgiveness.

Teaching Points

The Holiness of God’s Commands
God's instructions are to be followed with reverence and precision. The priests' failure to eat the sin offering as commanded reflects a deeper issue of obedience and respect for God's holiness.

The Role of Priests in Atonement
The priests were mediators between God and the people, highlighting the importance of their role in the sacrificial system. This points to the ultimate mediation of Christ, our High Priest.

The Seriousness of Sin and Atonement
The sin offering was a tangible reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement. This underscores the gravity of sin and the necessity of seeking forgiveness through Christ.

Obedience in Worship
Worship involves obedience to God's instructions. The failure to adhere to God's commands in worship can have serious consequences, as seen in the context of Leviticus 10.

The Continuity of God’s Plan
The sacrificial system in Leviticus points forward to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus. Understanding this continuity helps believers appreciate the depth of God’s redemptive plan.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the failure of Aaron's sons to eat the sin offering reveal about their understanding of their priestly duties?

2. How does the role of the priests in Leviticus 10:17 foreshadow the work of Jesus as our High Priest?

3. In what ways can we, as a "royal priesthood," ensure that we are obedient to God's commands in our daily lives?

4. How does understanding the seriousness of the sin offering in Leviticus enhance our appreciation for Christ's sacrifice?

5. What practical steps can we take to ensure that our worship is conducted in a manner that honors God's holiness and commands?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 6:24-30
Provides detailed instructions on the handling and consumption of the sin offering, emphasizing its holiness and the role of the priests.

Hebrews 9:11-14
Discusses Christ as the ultimate high priest and His sacrifice as the fulfillment of the Old Testament sacrificial system, highlighting the transition from the old covenant to the new.

1 Peter 2:9
Describes believers as a royal priesthood, connecting the priestly duties of the Old Testament to the spiritual responsibilities of Christians today.