Judges 19:5

On the fourth day, they got up early in the morning and prepared to depart, but the girl's father said to his son-in-law, "Refresh your heart with a morsel of bread, and then you can go."

Study Bible

On the fourth day
The phrase "on the fourth day" indicates a specific time frame within the narrative, suggesting a period of hospitality and rest. In the Hebrew context, the number four often symbolizes completeness or universality. This period of time reflects the cultural importance of hospitality in ancient Israel, where guests were often encouraged to stay longer to ensure they were well-rested and prepared for their journey.

they got up early in the morning
Rising early in the morning was a common practice in ancient times, often associated with diligence and readiness. The Hebrew culture placed a high value on starting the day with purpose and intention, which is reflected in this phrase. It suggests a sense of urgency and responsibility, as the characters prepare to continue their journey.

and prepared to depart
This phrase indicates a transition and a readiness to move forward. In the Hebrew tradition, preparation for travel was not just physical but also spiritual, involving prayer and seeking God's guidance. The act of preparing to depart signifies a willingness to embrace the next phase of their journey, trusting in God's provision and protection.

but the girl’s father said to his son-in-law
The interaction between the girl's father and his son-in-law highlights the familial relationships and social customs of the time. In ancient Israel, the father-in-law had a significant role in the family structure, often acting as a mediator and provider. This phrase underscores the importance of family ties and the respect accorded to elders within the community.

'Refresh yourself with a piece of bread
The invitation to "refresh yourself with a piece of bread" is emblematic of the hospitality and generosity that were central to Hebrew culture. Bread, a staple food, symbolizes sustenance and fellowship. The act of sharing bread is a gesture of goodwill and care, reflecting the father's desire to ensure the well-being of his guests before they continue their journey.

after that you may go.'
This phrase conveys a sense of permission and blessing. In the cultural context, the father-in-law's words are not merely a suggestion but an expression of concern and a customary farewell. It implies that the guests are free to leave once they have been adequately cared for, emphasizing the importance of hospitality as a sacred duty in ancient Israelite society.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Levite
A central figure in this account, the Levite is traveling with his concubine. His actions and decisions are pivotal to the unfolding events.

2. The Concubine
The Levite's concubine, whose return to her father's house sets the stage for the events in Judges 19.

3. The Father-in-law
The concubine's father, who shows hospitality to the Levite and persuades him to stay longer.

4. Bethlehem
The location where the concubine's father resides and where the Levite visits to retrieve his concubine.

5. Departure
The event of preparing to leave, which is delayed by the father-in-law's hospitality.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Hospitality
Hospitality is a recurring theme in Scripture, reflecting God's love and care. As believers, we are called to extend hospitality to others, seeing it as an opportunity to serve and bless.

Delays and Divine Timing
The father-in-law's insistence on delaying the Levite's departure can remind us that God's timing is often different from our own. We should remain open to divine interruptions that may lead to greater purposes.

Family Relationships and Reconciliation
The Levite's journey to retrieve his concubine highlights the importance of reconciliation and maintaining family relationships. As Christians, we are called to pursue peace and reconciliation in our relationships.

Cultural Context and Understanding
Understanding the cultural context of biblical events can enrich our comprehension of Scripture. The hospitality shown in this passage reflects ancient Near Eastern customs, which can inform our reading of the text.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the hospitality shown by the father-in-law in Judges 19:5 compare to other examples of hospitality in the Bible, and what can we learn from these examples?

2. In what ways can we practice hospitality in our own lives, and how does this reflect our faith in Christ?

3. How might the concept of divine timing be relevant in your life today, and how can you remain open to God's timing in your plans?

4. What steps can you take to pursue reconciliation in a strained relationship, and how does this align with biblical teachings on forgiveness and peace?

5. How does understanding the cultural context of biblical events enhance your study of Scripture, and how can you apply this understanding to other passages in the Bible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The hospitality shown by Lot to the angels in Sodom parallels the father-in-law's hospitality, highlighting cultural norms of hospitality in ancient times.

Luke 24
The disciples on the road to Emmaus are urged to stay and eat, similar to the Levite being urged to stay and refresh himself, showing the importance of fellowship and hospitality.

Hebrews 13:2
This verse encourages believers to show hospitality, as some have entertained angels without knowing it, reflecting the cultural and spiritual significance of hospitality.