Joshua 22:23

If we have built for ourselves an altar to turn away from Him and to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings on it, or to sacrifice fellowship offerings on it, may the LORD Himself hold us accountable.

Study Bible

If we have built for ourselves an altar
The phrase "built for ourselves an altar" suggests an act of self-reliance or self-determination in worship, which could be seen as a deviation from the prescribed worship practices given by God. In the Hebrew context, the word for "altar" (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach) is significant as it denotes a place of sacrifice and worship. Historically, altars were central to Israelite worship, symbolizing a meeting place between God and man. The construction of an unauthorized altar could imply a breach of covenant, as altars were to be built according to divine instruction.

to turn away from the LORD
The phrase "to turn away from the LORD" indicates apostasy or rebellion against God. In Hebrew, the concept of "turning away" (סוּר, sur) often implies a deliberate departure from God's commandments and covenant. This is a serious accusation, as faithfulness to the LORD was central to Israel's identity and relationship with God. The historical context of Israel's covenant with God at Sinai underscores the gravity of such an action, as turning away would lead to dire consequences, including loss of divine favor and protection.

or to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings
"Burnt offerings" (עוֹלָה, olah) and "grain offerings" (מִנְחָה, minchah) were integral parts of the sacrificial system established in Leviticus. These offerings were acts of worship and atonement, symbolizing dedication and thanksgiving to God. The mention of these offerings highlights the potential misuse of the altar for unauthorized worship. In the historical context, offering sacrifices outside the designated place (the Tabernacle or later the Temple) was forbidden, as it could lead to idolatry or syncretism.

or to make sacrifices of peace offerings on it
"Peace offerings" (שֶׁלֶם, shelem) were communal meals shared between the offerer, the priests, and God, symbolizing fellowship and thanksgiving. The inclusion of peace offerings in this verse emphasizes the communal and relational aspect of worship. Unauthorized peace offerings could disrupt the unity and purity of Israel's worship community. The historical context of the Israelites' journey and settlement in the Promised Land underscores the importance of maintaining a unified worship practice to preserve their covenant relationship with God.

may the LORD Himself demand an account
The phrase "may the LORD Himself demand an account" reflects a deep sense of accountability to God. In Hebrew, the concept of "demanding an account" (בָּקַשׁ, baqash) implies seeking or requiring an explanation or justification. This reflects the seriousness with which the Israelites viewed their covenant obligations. Theologically, it underscores the belief in God's sovereignty and justice, as He alone has the authority to judge the hearts and actions of His people. This accountability is a reminder of the Israelites' dependence on God's grace and mercy, as well as their responsibility to uphold His commandments.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Eastern Tribes (Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh)
These tribes settled on the east side of the Jordan River and built an altar, which led to a misunderstanding with the other Israelite tribes.

2. The Altar of Witness
A large altar built by the Eastern tribes near the Jordan River, intended as a witness between them and the other tribes of Israel that they all serve the same God.

3. Phinehas, son of Eleazar the priest
Sent by the Israelites to confront the Eastern tribes about the altar, fearing it was a sign of rebellion against God.

4. The Jordan River
The geographical boundary that separated the Eastern tribes from the rest of Israel, symbolizing potential division.

5. The Assembly of Israel
The collective body of the remaining tribes who were concerned about the potential idolatry or rebellion represented by the altar.

Teaching Points

Unity in Worship
The altar was a potential source of division, but it was intended as a symbol of unity. In our communities, we must ensure that our practices and symbols promote unity in worship rather than division.

Intentions Matter
The Eastern tribes' intentions were misunderstood. This teaches us the importance of clear communication and understanding others' intentions before jumping to conclusions.

Accountability to God
The tribes were willing to be held accountable by God if their actions were wrong. We should also live with a mindset of accountability to God for our actions and decisions.

Avoiding Assumptions
The initial reaction of the Israelites was based on assumptions. We should be cautious about making assumptions about others' actions without seeking clarification.

Symbolic Reminders
The altar served as a reminder of their shared faith. We can use symbols and practices in our lives to remind us of our commitments to God and each other.

Bible Study Questions

1. How can we ensure that our actions and symbols in worship promote unity rather than division within our faith communities?

2. What steps can we take to better understand the intentions behind others' actions before forming judgments?

3. In what ways can we hold ourselves accountable to God in our daily lives, similar to the willingness of the Eastern tribes?

4. How can we use symbols or practices in our lives to serve as reminders of our faith and commitments to God?

5. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' initial assumptions about the altar, and how can we apply these lessons to avoid misunderstandings in our relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 12
This chapter outlines the proper place and manner of worship, emphasizing that sacrifices should only be made at the place God chooses, which is relevant to the concern over the altar.

Leviticus 17
Discusses the prohibition of offering sacrifices outside the designated place, which underscores the Israelites' fear of the altar being used improperly.

1 Samuel 15
Highlights the importance of obedience over sacrifice, which relates to the concern that the altar might represent disobedience to God's commands.