Isaiah 8:8
It will pour into Judah, swirling and sweeping over it, reaching up to the neck; its spreading streams will cover your entire land, O Immanuel!
It will pour into Judah
The phrase "pour into" suggests an overwhelming flood, indicative of an invasion or calamity. In the Hebrew context, the word used here can imply a deluge, symbolizing the Assyrian invasion that would engulf Judah. Historically, this reflects the period when the Assyrian empire expanded aggressively, threatening the smaller kingdoms of the region. Judah, though a chosen land, was not exempt from the consequences of its actions and alliances, reminding us of the importance of faithfulness to God.

swirling and sweeping over
These words evoke the image of a powerful, uncontrollable force. The Hebrew roots suggest a violent, tumultuous movement, akin to a storm or floodwaters. This imagery is consistent with the Assyrian army's reputation for being a formidable and relentless force. Theologically, it serves as a metaphor for the consequences of turning away from God’s protection, emphasizing the need for spiritual vigilance and reliance on divine strength.

reaching up to the neck
This phrase indicates a critical point of danger, where survival is uncertain. In ancient Near Eastern literature, such imagery often depicted a situation of near-drowning, symbolizing extreme peril. For Judah, this meant that the Assyrian threat would come perilously close to total destruction. Spiritually, it underscores the idea that God allows His people to face trials that bring them to the brink, yet He remains sovereign and capable of deliverance.

its spreading streams
The "spreading streams" symbolize the far-reaching impact of the invasion. The Hebrew term for "streams" can also mean channels or rivers, suggesting a force that divides and conquers. Historically, this reflects the Assyrian strategy of dividing territories to weaken them. In a broader sense, it serves as a warning of how sin and disobedience can infiltrate and spread within a community or individual, necessitating constant spiritual vigilance.

will cover the breadth of your land
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the impending threat. The "breadth of your land" signifies the entirety of Judah, from its borders to its heart. Theologically, it serves as a reminder that no part of our lives is hidden from God’s view or beyond His reach. It calls believers to consecrate every aspect of their lives to God, ensuring that His presence covers all.

O Immanuel
The name "Immanuel" means "God with us" in Hebrew. This is a profound reminder of God’s promise to be present with His people, even in times of judgment and distress. Historically, it points to the hope of deliverance and the coming of the Messiah, who would embody God’s presence among His people. For Christians, this is a foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promise to dwell with humanity, offering hope and salvation amidst trials.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Judah
The southern kingdom of Israel, consisting of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. It was the location of Jerusalem and the center of Jewish worship.

2. Immanuel
A prophetic name meaning "God with us," referring to the promise of God's presence and deliverance. In the context of Isaiah, it is a sign of hope amidst impending judgment.

3. Assyrian Invasion
The historical event where the Assyrian empire threatened and invaded the land of Judah, symbolizing God's judgment and the need for reliance on Him.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Judgment
The passage illustrates God's control over nations and events, using even foreign powers to accomplish His purposes. Believers are reminded to trust in God's ultimate plan, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Assurance of God's Presence
The name "Immanuel" serves as a powerful reminder that God is with His people. In times of trial and uncertainty, Christians can find comfort in the promise of God's presence.

The Call to Faithfulness
Despite the looming threat, the people of Judah were called to remain faithful to God. This serves as a lesson for believers to maintain their faith and integrity, trusting in God's deliverance.

The Fulfillment in Christ
The prophecy of Immanuel finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Christians are encouraged to see the continuity of God's redemptive plan from the Old Testament to the New Testament.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the historical context of the Assyrian invasion help us understand the message of Isaiah 8:8?

2. In what ways does the name "Immanuel" provide comfort and assurance to believers today?

3. How can we apply the lesson of God's sovereignty in judgment to our current world events?

4. What are some practical ways we can remind ourselves of God's presence in our daily lives?

5. How does the prophecy of Immanuel in Isaiah connect to the New Testament understanding of Jesus as "God with us"?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Isaiah 7:14
This verse introduces the prophecy of Immanuel, providing context to the promise of God's presence amidst the threat.

Matthew 1:23
This New Testament verse connects the prophecy of Immanuel to the birth of Jesus Christ, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promise through Christ.

Psalm 46:1-3
These verses speak of God as a refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble, which aligns with the theme of God's presence in Isaiah 8:8.
Immanuel's LandR. Tuck Isaiah 8:8
A Virtual Renunciation of the Consolation of IsraelS. Cox, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
By Cool Siloam's Shady RillC. A. Healing, B. A.Isaiah 8:5-8
Choice and its ConsequencesJ. Parker, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
Christ the True ShiloahS. Cox, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
Consolation Amidst Predictions of JudgmentF. Delitzsch.Isaiah 8:5-8
God's Gentle CareD. Fraser, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
Judgment and SalvationA. B. Davidson, LL. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
Shiloah a Type of Gospel GraceW. A. Gray.Isaiah 8:5-8
Shiloah and the Euphrates, or Mercy and JudgmentHomilistIsaiah 8:5-8
The Choices of LifeW. A. Gray.Isaiah 8:5-8
The False Standard and the Fatal IssueW. Clarkson Isaiah 8:5-8
The Jewish Temptation to a False TrustS. Cox, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
The Waters of ShiloahS. Cox, D. D.Isaiah 8:5-8
Wise and Unwise ChoicesIsaiah 8:5-8
God with UsE. Johnson Isaiah 8:5-15
People
Immanuel, Isaiah, Jacob, Jeberechiah, Mahershalalhashbaz, Remaliah, Rezin, Uriah, Urijah, Zechariah
Places
Assyria, Damascus, Euphrates River, Jerusalem, Judah, Mount Zion, Samaria, Shiloah
Topics
Breadth, Cover, Covering, Emmanu-el, Extension, Fill, Fulness, Further, Immanuel, Imman'u-el, Judah, Neck, O, Onward, Outspread, Outstretched, Overflow, Overflowing, Overflown, Pass, Passed, Passeth, Passing, Reach, Reaching, Rushing, Spread, Stretching, Sweep, Swirling, Till, Waters, Wings
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 8:8

     2203   Christ, titles of
     4966   present, the

Isaiah 8:5-8

     8728   enemies, of Israel and Judah

Isaiah 8:6-8

     4260   rivers and streams
     7259   promised land, later history
     8224   dependence

Isaiah 8:7-8

     4690   wings

Isaiah 8:7-10

     2227   Immanuel

Library
Shiloah and Euphrates
Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly ... the Lord bringeth up upon them the waters of the river, strong and many.' ISAIAH viii. 6, 7. The kingdom of Judah was threatened with a great danger in an alliance between Israel and Damascus. The cowardly King Ahaz, instead of listening to Isaiah's strong assurances and relying on the help of God, made what he thought a master-stroke of policy in invoking the help of the formidable Assyrian power. That ambitious military
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Search the Scriptures
I feel at this particular crisis of religious affairs, it is imperative upon the Christian minister to urge his people to hold fast the doctrines of the truth--the words of God. This seems likely to become the age of preaching, rather than the age of praying. We now see everywhere large congregations assembling in halls and abbeys to listen to the Word preached; and it is an ominous sign of the times, that these preachings are not only espoused by the orthodox, but even by those whom we have considered
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

Exposition of the Doctrines of Grace
? Perseverance of the Saints--"The Final Perseverance of Believers in Christ Jesus," by William O'Neill (message 5). The Rev. C. H. SPURGEON took the chair at 3 o'clock. The proceedings were commenced by singing the 21st Hymn-- Saved from the damning power of sin, The law's tremendous curse, We'll now the sacred song begin Where God began with us. We'll sing the vast unmeasured grace Which, from the days of old, Did all his chosen sons embrace, As sheep within the fold. The basis of eternal love
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 7: 1861

Prefatory Scripture Passages.
To the Law and to the Testimony; if they speak not according to this Word, it is because there is no light in them.-- Isa. viii. 20. Thus saith the Lord; Stand ye in the ways, and see, and ask for the old paths, where is the good way and walk therein, and ye shall find rest for your souls.--Jer. vi. 16. That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive. But
G. H. Gerberding—The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church

Of the Scriptures
Eph. ii. 20.--"And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone." Believers are "the temple of the living God," in which he dwells and walks, 2 Cor. vi. 16. Every one of them is a little sanctuary and temple to his Majesty, "sanctify the Lord of hosts in your hearts." Though he be "the high and lofty One that inhabits eternity," yet he is pleased to come down to this poor cottage of a creature's heart, and dwell in it. Is not this
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Gihon, the Same with the Fountain of Siloam.
I. In 1 Kings 1:33,38, that which is, in the Hebrew, "Bring ye Solomon to Gihon: and they brought him to Gihon"; is rendered by the Chaldee, "Bring ye him to Siloam: and they brought him to Siloam." Where Kimchi thus; "Gihon is Siloam, and it is called by a double name. And David commanded, that they should anoint Solomon at Gihon for a good omen, to wit, that, as the waters of the fountain are everlasting, so might his kingdom be." So also the Jerusalem writers; "They do not anoint the king, but
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Trials of the Christian
AFFLICTION--ITS NATURE AND BENEFITS. The school of the cross is the school of light; it discovers the world's vanity, baseness, and wickedness, and lets us see more of God's mind. Out of dark afflictions comes a spiritual light. In times of affliction, we commonly meet with the sweetest experiences of the love of God. The end of affliction is the discovery of sin; and of that, to bring us to a Saviour. Doth not God ofttimes even take occasion, by the hardest of things that come upon us, to visit
John Bunyan—The Riches of Bunyan

That it is not Lawful for the Well Affected Subjects to Concur in Such an Engagement in War, and Associate with the Malignant Party.
That It Is Not Lawful For The Well Affected Subjects To Concur In Such An Engagement In War, And Associate With The Malignant Party. Some convinced of the unlawfulness of the public resolutions and proceedings, in reference to the employing of the malignant party, yet do not find such clearness and satisfaction in their own consciences as to forbid the subjects to concur in this war, and associate with the army so constituted. Therefore it is needful to speak something to this point, That it is
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Universality of Actual Grace
The gratuity of grace does not conflict with its universality. Though God distributes His graces freely, He grants them to all men without exception, because He wills all to be saved. This divine "will to save" (voluntas Dei salvifica) may be regarded in relation either to the wayfaring state or to the status termini. Regarded from the first-mentioned point of view it is a merciful will (voluntas misericordiae) and is generally called first or antecedent will (voluntas prima s. antecedens)
Joseph Pohle—Grace, Actual and Habitual

Jesus' Temporary Residence at Capernaum.
^A Matt. IV. 13-16. ^a 13 And leaving Nazareth [This expression means that Jesus now ceased to make Nazareth his home. For description of Nazareth, see page 60], he came and dwelt in Capernaum [See page 119. Capernaum means city of Nahum, or village of consolation. Its modern name, "Tel-Hum," means hill of Nahum. The word "dwelt" means that Jesus made this town his headquarters. He owned no house there (Matt. viii. 20). He may have dwelt with some of his disciples--for instance, Simon Peter--Matt.
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Of the Character of the Unregenerate.
Ephes. ii. 1, 2. And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience. AMONG all the various trusts which men can repose in each other, hardly any appears to be more solemn and tremendous, than the direction of their sacred time, and especially of those hours which they spend in the exercise of public devotion.
Philip Doddridge—Practical Discourses on Regeneration

To Pastors and Teachers
To Pastors and Teachers If all who laboured for the conversion of others were to introduce them immediately into Prayer and the Interior Life, and make it their main design to gain and win over the heart, numberless as well as permanent conversions would certainly ensue. On the contrary, few and transient fruits must attend that labour which is confined to outward matters; such as burdening the disciple with a thousand precepts for external exercises, instead of leaving the soul to Christ by the
Madame Guyon—A Short and Easy Method of Prayer

"But if we Walk in the Light, as He is in the Light, we have Fellowship one with Another, and the Blood of Jesus Christ His
1 John i. 7.--"But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin." Art is the imitation of nature, and true religion is a divine art, that consists in the imitation of God himself, the author of nature. Therefore it is a more high and transcendent thing, of a sublimer nature than all the arts and sciences among men. Those reach but to some resemblance of the wisdom of God, expressed in his works,
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Wicked Husbandmen.
"Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country: and when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it. And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another. Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto
William Arnot—The Parables of Our Lord

Letter xix (A. D. 1127) to Suger, Abbot of S. Denis
To Suger, Abbot of S. Denis He praises Suger, who had unexpectedly renounced the pride and luxury of the world to give himself to the modest habits of the religious life. He blames severely the clerk who devotes himself rather to the service of princes than that of God. 1. A piece of good news has reached our district; it cannot fail to do great good to whomsoever it shall have come. For who that fear God, hearing what great things He has done for your soul, do not rejoice and wonder at the great
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux—Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux

First Sunday in Lent
Text: Second Corinthians 6, 1-10. 1 And working together with him we entreat also that ye receive not the grace of God in vain 2 (for he saith, At an acceptable time I hearkened unto thee, and in a day of salvation did I succor thee: behold, now is the acceptable time; behold, now is the day of salvation): 3 giving no occasion of stumbling in anything, that our ministration be not blamed; 4 but in everything commending ourselves, as ministers of God, in much patience, in afflictions, in necessities,
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. II

Covenanting a Privilege of Believers.
Whatever attainment is made by any as distinguished from the wicked, or whatever gracious benefit is enjoyed, is a spiritual privilege. Adoption into the family of God is of this character. "He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power (margin, or, the right; or, privilege) to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."[617] And every co-ordinate benefit is essentially so likewise. The evidence besides, that Covenanting
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Christ's Prophetic Office
'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet,' &c. Deut 18:85. Having spoken of the person of Christ, we are next to speak of the offices of Christ. These are Prophetic, Priestly, and Regal. 'The Lord thy God will raise up unto thee a Prophet.' Enunciatur hic locus de Christo. It is spoken of Christ.' There are several names given to Christ as a Prophet. He is called the Counsellor' in Isa 9:9. In uno Christo Angelus foederis completur [The Messenger of the Covenant appears in Christ alone].
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

A Treatise of the Fear of God;
SHOWING WHAT IT IS, AND HOW DISTINGUISHED FROM THAT WHICH IS NOT SO. ALSO, WHENCE IT COMES; WHO HAS IT; WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS; AND WHAT THE PRIVILEGES OF THOSE THAT HAVE IT IN THEIR HEARTS. London: Printed for N. Ponder, at the Peacock in the Poultry, over against the Stocks market: 1679. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," and "a fountain of life"--the foundation on which all wisdom rests, as well as the source from whence it emanates. Upon a principle
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

That the Employing Of, and Associating with the Malignant Party, According as is Contained in the Public Resolutions, is Sinful and Unlawful.
That The Employing Of, And Associating With The Malignant Party, According As Is Contained In The Public Resolutions, Is Sinful And Unlawful. If there be in the land a malignant party of power and policy, and the exceptions contained in the Act of Levy do comprehend but few of that party, then there need be no more difficulty to prove, that the present public resolutions and proceedings do import an association and conjunction with a malignant party, than to gather a conclusion from clear premises.
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

History of the Interpretation.
1. AMONG THE JEWS. This History, as to its essential features, might, a priori, be sketched with tolerable certainty. From the nature of the case, we could scarcely expect that the Jews should have adopted views altogether erroneous as to the subject of the prophecy in question; for the Messiah appears in it, not in His humiliation, but in His glory--rich in gifts and blessings, and Pelagian self-delusion will, a priori, return an affirmative answer to the question as to whether one is
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

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