Genesis 38:15

When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute because she had covered her face.

Study Bible

When Judah saw her
The phrase begins with Judah, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, who is a central figure in this narrative. The Hebrew root for "saw" is רָאָה (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This moment of seeing is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the unfolding events. Judah's perception is clouded by his own desires and assumptions, highlighting the human tendency to judge based on appearances rather than truth. This serves as a reminder of the importance of discernment and the dangers of superficial judgments.

he thought she was a prostitute
The Hebrew word for "thought" is חָשַׁב (chashav), which implies a process of mental calculation or assumption. Judah's assumption that Tamar is a prostitute reveals the cultural and societal norms of the time, where women covering their faces could be associated with such a profession. This reflects the patriarchal context of ancient Near Eastern societies, where women's roles and identities were often misunderstood or misrepresented. The narrative challenges readers to consider the consequences of assumptions and the need for deeper understanding and compassion.

because she had covered her face
The act of covering the face is significant in this context. In ancient times, veiling could signify modesty, mourning, or, as Judah assumed, prostitution. The Hebrew word for "covered" is כָּסָה (kasah), meaning to conceal or hide. Tamar's decision to cover her face was strategic, aiming to disguise her identity to fulfill her plan. This action underscores themes of identity, deception, and the lengths to which individuals might go to achieve justice or fulfill personal goals. It invites reflection on the masks people wear and the true intentions behind their actions.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Judah
One of the twelve sons of Jacob, Judah is a central figure in this account. He is the fourth son of Leah and Jacob and plays a significant role in the lineage of Jesus Christ.

2. Tamar
The widow of Judah's son, Er. She disguises herself as a prostitute to secure her rights and future within Judah's family line.

3. Prostitute
In this context, the term refers to a woman who offers herself for sexual relations in exchange for payment. Tamar disguises herself as one to fulfill her plan.

4. Covered Face
Tamar's act of covering her face is significant as it conceals her identity, leading Judah to mistake her for a prostitute.

5. Ennaim
The location where this encounter takes place. It is a town in the territory of Judah.

Teaching Points

Understanding Cultural Context
Recognize the cultural and legal expectations of Levirate marriage in ancient Israel, which influenced Tamar's actions.

Judgment and Perception
Reflect on how appearances can be deceiving and the importance of seeking truth beyond initial judgments.

Repentance and Redemption
Consider Judah's eventual acknowledgment of his wrongdoing and the redemptive arc that follows, emphasizing the power of repentance.

God's Sovereignty in Imperfection
Observe how God works through flawed human actions to fulfill His divine purposes, as seen in the lineage of Christ.

Righteousness and Justice
Explore the theme of righteousness as Tamar is declared more righteous than Judah, challenging us to consider what true justice looks like.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of Levirate marriage influence the actions of Tamar and Judah in this account?

2. In what ways does Judah's initial judgment of Tamar reflect common human tendencies to judge based on appearances?

3. How does the account of Judah and Tamar illustrate the theme of repentance and redemption, and how can we apply this to our own lives?

4. What does this passage teach us about God's ability to use imperfect situations and people to accomplish His purposes?

5. How can we discern true righteousness and justice in our own lives, as seen in the contrast between Judah and Tamar's actions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 38:26
This verse reveals Judah's acknowledgment of Tamar's righteousness compared to his own actions, highlighting themes of justice and repentance.

Matthew 1:3
This genealogy of Jesus includes Tamar, underscoring her importance in the Messianic line despite the unconventional circumstances.

Deuteronomy 25:5-10
The Levirate marriage law, which provides context for Tamar's actions, as she seeks to fulfill her duty to her deceased husband by securing an heir.