Exodus 8:15

When Pharaoh saw that there was relief, however, he hardened his heart and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the LORD had said.

Study Bible

When Pharaoh saw
This phrase indicates a moment of perception and realization by Pharaoh. In the Hebrew text, the word for "saw" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This suggests that Pharaoh was not merely observing the physical relief from the plague but was also making a conscious decision based on his understanding of the situation. Historically, Pharaohs were considered divine or semi-divine figures in Egyptian culture, and their decisions were often seen as expressions of divine will. Here, Pharaoh's perception is crucial as it sets the stage for his subsequent actions.

that there was relief
The term "relief" in Hebrew is "רְוָחָה" (revachah), which implies a respite or a breathing space. This relief came after the plague of frogs, which was the second plague that God sent upon Egypt. The historical context of the plagues is significant as they were direct challenges to the Egyptian gods, demonstrating the power of the God of Israel over the deities of Egypt. The relief Pharaoh experienced was temporary, highlighting the cyclical nature of his resistance to God's will.

he hardened his heart
The phrase "hardened his heart" is pivotal in understanding Pharaoh's character and the unfolding narrative. The Hebrew word for "hardened" is "כָּבֵד" (kaved), which can mean to make heavy, insensible, or stubborn. This hardening of the heart is a recurring theme in the Exodus narrative, illustrating Pharaoh's increasing resistance to God's commands. From a theological perspective, this hardening can be seen as both a result of Pharaoh's own choices and as part of God's sovereign plan, as God had foretold this response.

and would not listen to them
Pharaoh's refusal to listen is a direct act of disobedience. The Hebrew word for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or obey. In the biblical context, listening often implies obedience, not just auditory reception. Pharaoh's refusal to listen to Moses and Aaron, God's messengers, signifies his rejection of divine authority. This act of defiance is a critical moment that leads to further plagues and ultimately, the liberation of the Israelites.

just as the LORD had said
This phrase underscores the fulfillment of God's word and His sovereignty over the events unfolding in Egypt. The Hebrew name for the LORD here is "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His faithfulness and power. God's foreknowledge and declaration of Pharaoh's response highlight the divine orchestration of the Exodus events. This assurance of God's word being fulfilled serves as a reminder of His ultimate control and the reliability of His promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who is central to the account of the Exodus. His heart is repeatedly hardened, leading to the continued enslavement of the Israelites.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to confront Pharaoh and demand the release of the Israelites. They act as God's messengers and perform signs and wonders.

3. The Plagues
A series of divine judgments sent by God upon Egypt to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme throughout these events.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved. It serves as the backdrop for the confrontation between God’s will and Pharaoh’s resistance.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who demonstrates His power and sovereignty through the plagues and the eventual liberation of His people.

Teaching Points

The Danger of a Hardened Heart
Pharaoh's repeated hardening of his heart serves as a warning against resisting God's will. Believers are encouraged to remain open and responsive to God's guidance.

God's Sovereignty and Human Responsibility
While God is sovereign and His plans will prevail, humans are still responsible for their responses to His commands. Pharaoh's choices led to his downfall, illustrating the consequences of resisting God.

The Importance of Obedience
The account highlights the importance of obedience to God. Moses and Aaron's faithfulness contrasts with Pharaoh's disobedience, showing the blessings of aligning with God's will.

Recognizing God's Timing
Pharaoh's temporary relief led to a false sense of security. Believers should recognize that God's timing and purposes are perfect, even when immediate relief is not apparent.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pharaoh's response to the relief from the plagues reflect a common human tendency when facing trials?

2. In what ways can believers guard against hardening their hearts in response to God's commands?

3. How does the concept of God's sovereignty, as seen in Pharaoh's account, provide comfort or challenge in your personal faith journey?

4. What lessons can we learn from Moses and Aaron's obedience in the face of Pharaoh's resistance?

5. How can we apply the principle of recognizing God's timing in our own lives, especially when we experience temporary relief from challenges?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 4:21
God foretells that He will harden Pharaoh's heart, showing His sovereignty over the events that unfold.

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references Pharaoh to illustrate God's sovereign choice and mercy, emphasizing that God can harden whom He wills.

Hebrews 3:7-8
Warns believers not to harden their hearts as in the rebellion, drawing a parallel to Pharaoh's hardened heart.