Exodus 24:9

Then Moses went up with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel,

Study Bible

Then Moses went up
This phrase marks a significant moment in the narrative of Exodus, as Moses ascends Mount Sinai. The Hebrew root for "went up" is "עלה" (alah), which often signifies an ascent to a place of divine encounter. This ascent is not merely physical but also spiritual, symbolizing Moses' approach to the presence of God. Historically, Mount Sinai is considered a sacred place where God reveals His covenant to Israel, and Moses' ascent is a precursor to receiving divine instruction.

with Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu
These names are significant as they represent the leadership of Israel. Aaron, Moses' brother, is the high priest, while Nadab and Abihu are his sons, who also serve as priests. Their inclusion in this ascent indicates the importance of priestly mediation between God and His people. The presence of these leaders underscores the communal aspect of the covenant, as they represent the entire nation of Israel in this divine encounter.

and seventy of the elders of Israel
The number seventy is symbolic in biblical literature, often representing completeness or the fullness of the community. The elders are leaders and representatives of the tribes of Israel, signifying that this encounter with God is not just for Moses and the priests but for the entire nation. This gathering of leaders highlights the communal nature of the covenant and the shared responsibility of upholding it.

and they saw the God of Israel
This phrase is profound, as it suggests a theophany, a visible manifestation of God. The Hebrew word for "saw" is "ראה" (ra'ah), which implies a deep, spiritual perception rather than a mere physical sight. In the conservative Christian perspective, this encounter is understood as a unique revelation of God's glory, emphasizing His holiness and the privilege of being in His presence. It is a moment of divine grace, where God allows His chosen leaders to experience His majesty.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The central figure in the Exodus account, Moses is the leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to deliver His people from Egyptian bondage and to receive the Law on Mount Sinai.

2. Aaron
Moses' brother and spokesperson, Aaron later becomes the first high priest of Israel. His role is crucial in the religious leadership of the Israelites.

3. Nadab and Abihu
Sons of Aaron, they are part of the priestly line. Their presence here signifies their initial consecration and importance, although their later actions lead to their downfall (Leviticus 10).

4. Seventy Elders of Israel
These elders represent the leadership and governance structure of the Israelite community. Their presence signifies the communal acceptance and witness of the covenant.

5. Mount Sinai
The mountain where God reveals Himself to Moses and gives the Law. It is a place of divine encounter and covenant-making.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Leadership
God calls specific individuals to lead His people. Reflect on the qualities of godly leadership and how they apply in today's church and community.

Witness to God's Covenant
The presence of the elders signifies the communal aspect of God's covenant. Consider how the church today serves as a witness to God's promises.

Approaching God with Reverence
The account reminds us of the holiness required when approaching God. Reflect on how we prepare ourselves for worship and communion with God.

The Role of Community in Faith
The involvement of the seventy elders highlights the importance of community in faith. Discuss how we can support and uphold one another in our spiritual journeys.

Bible Study Questions

1. What qualities do you think God saw in Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders that made them suitable for this encounter? How can we cultivate these qualities in our own lives?

2. How does the concept of leadership in Exodus 24:9 compare to the leadership roles within the church today? What lessons can we learn from this passage about spiritual leadership?

3. In what ways does the presence of the seventy elders emphasize the communal nature of God's covenant? How can we, as a church community, better reflect this aspect of our faith?

4. Considering the later actions of Nadab and Abihu, what does this passage teach us about the importance of maintaining reverence and obedience in our relationship with God?

5. How can the events at Mount Sinai inspire us to seek deeper encounters with God in our personal and communal worship experiences? What practical steps can we take to prepare for such encounters?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 19
This chapter provides the context for the events at Mount Sinai, where God establishes His covenant with Israel and sets the stage for the giving of the Law.

Leviticus 10
The fate of Nadab and Abihu is detailed here, providing a sobering reminder of the holiness required in approaching God.

Numbers 11
The seventy elders are mentioned again, highlighting their role in assisting Moses with leadership responsibilities.

Matthew 17
The Transfiguration of Jesus on a mountain connects to the divine encounters on Mount Sinai, emphasizing the continuity of God's revelation.