Exodus 21:15

Whoever strikes his father or mother must surely be put to death.

Study Bible

Whoever strikes
The Hebrew word used here for "strikes" is "נכה" (nakah), which implies a violent or forceful blow. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this term indicates not just a physical act but a severe breach of familial respect and order. The act of striking one's parents was seen as a direct challenge to the God-ordained authority structure within the family, which was foundational to Israelite society. This command underscores the gravity of maintaining respect and reverence within the family unit, reflecting the broader biblical principle of honoring one's parents as outlined in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:12).

his father or mother
The mention of both "father" and "mother" highlights the equal importance of both parental figures in the biblical family structure. In ancient Israel, the family was the primary social unit, and both parents were to be honored and respected. This dual mention emphasizes that the commandment applies equally to both parents, countering any cultural tendencies to prioritize the authority of the father over the mother. It reflects the biblical view of the family as a sacred institution where both parents are to be revered and obeyed.

must surely be put to death
The phrase "must surely be put to death" is a translation of the Hebrew "מות יומת" (mot yumat), which is a legal formula indicating the seriousness of the offense. In the context of ancient Israelite law, this severe penalty underscores the critical importance of maintaining the sanctity and order of the family. The death penalty for such an act serves as a deterrent and a means of preserving the community's moral and social fabric. From a conservative Christian perspective, this commandment reflects the holiness and justice of God, who establishes laws to protect the family and ensure that His people live in harmony and respect. It also points to the broader biblical theme of the consequences of sin and the need for redemption, ultimately fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the Law from God on Mount Sinai, including the laws found in Exodus 21.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the Law to guide their conduct and relationship with God and each other.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where God delivered the Law to Moses, including the commandments and ordinances for the Israelites.

4. Parents (Father and Mother)
Central figures in the family unit, representing authority and the foundation of societal structure in ancient Israel.

5. The Giving of the Law
A significant event where God provided the Israelites with commandments and laws to establish a covenant relationship and societal order.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Family Authority
The commandment underscores the importance of respecting and upholding the authority of parents, which is foundational to a stable and godly society.

The Seriousness of Disobedience
The severe penalty for striking a parent reflects the gravity of such an act and serves as a deterrent against undermining family and societal order.

Respect as a Reflection of Godliness
Honoring parents is not only a social obligation but a spiritual one, reflecting our reverence for God's established order.

The Role of the Law in Moral Guidance
The laws given to the Israelites were meant to guide them in righteous living and to reflect God's holiness in their community.

Application in Modern Context
While the specific penalties may not apply today, the principle of honoring and respecting parental authority remains relevant and essential for Christian living.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the commandment in Exodus 21:15 reflect the broader biblical principle of honoring one's parents?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of respecting parental authority in our modern context?

3. How does the New Testament reinforce the importance of honoring parents, and what implications does this have for Christian families today?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate respect and honor towards our parents, even in challenging situations?

5. How does understanding the cultural and historical context of this commandment enhance our appreciation of its significance in the Bible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 5:16
This verse reiterates the importance of honoring one's parents, which is foundational to the commandment in Exodus 21:15.

Proverbs 20:20
This verse warns of the consequences of cursing one's parents, emphasizing the seriousness of respecting parental authority.

Matthew 15:4
Jesus references the command to honor one's parents, highlighting its continued relevance and importance in His teachings.

Ephesians 6:1-3
Paul instructs children to obey their parents, connecting the commandment to a promise of well-being and longevity.