Exodus 21:13

If, however, he did not lie in wait, but God allowed it to happen, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee.

Study Bible

But if the accident was unintentional
The phrase "unintentional" is derived from the Hebrew word "בִּלְתִּי" (bilti), which conveys the idea of something done without intent or purpose. In the context of ancient Israelite law, this distinction between intentional and unintentional acts was crucial. It reflects a deep understanding of human nature and the complexities of moral responsibility. The Bible acknowledges that not all harmful actions stem from malice, and this recognition is foundational to the justice system God established for His people. It underscores the importance of discerning the heart and motives behind actions, a principle that resonates with the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized the heart's intentions in His Sermon on the Mount.

yet God allowed it to happen
This phrase suggests divine sovereignty and providence, indicating that even events that seem accidental are within God's control. The Hebrew word "אִנָּה" (innah) implies that God has a hand in the unfolding of events, even those that appear to be mere chance. This reflects a theological perspective that God is actively involved in the world, guiding and shaping history according to His purposes. It reassures believers that nothing escapes God's notice or occurs outside His will, providing comfort and assurance that He is a just and righteous judge who sees beyond human understanding.

I will appoint you a place
The provision of a place of refuge, or "מָקוֹם" (maqom), highlights God's mercy and justice. In ancient Israel, cities of refuge were designated as safe havens for those who committed manslaughter unintentionally. This system ensured that justice was tempered with mercy, allowing for due process and protection from the avenger of blood. It reflects God's character as both just and compassionate, providing a way for reconciliation and restoration. This concept foreshadows the ultimate refuge found in Christ, who offers forgiveness and sanctuary to all who seek Him.

to which he may flee
The act of fleeing to a place of refuge, "לָנוּס" (lanus), signifies the urgency and necessity of seeking safety and protection. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the avenger of blood, often a family member of the deceased, had the right to pursue the manslayer. The cities of refuge provided a legal and physical space where the accused could find protection until a fair trial could be conducted. This system underscores the value God places on life and justice, ensuring that even those who have erred unintentionally have the opportunity for redemption and a fair hearing. It serves as a powerful reminder of the grace available to all who seek refuge in God, who is our ultimate protector and judge.

Persons / Places / Events

1. God
The ultimate authority who allows events to happen according to His sovereign will.

2. The Accidental Killer
A person who has caused the death of another unintentionally, without premeditation.

3. The Appointed Place
A city of refuge where the accidental killer can flee for safety from the avenger of blood.

4. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is receiving and conveying God's laws to the people.

5. The Avenger of Blood
A family member seeking justice for the death of a relative, as was customary in ancient Israelite society.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Justice
God is in control of all events, even those that seem accidental. His justice provides a way for both protection and accountability.

Mercy in the Law
The provision of a city of refuge demonstrates God's mercy within His justice system, allowing for protection of those who have caused harm unintentionally.

The Importance of Intent
The distinction between intentional and unintentional acts is crucial in God's law, highlighting the importance of the heart's intent in moral and legal matters.

Christ as Our Refuge
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety, Christ offers us refuge from the consequences of sin, inviting us to find safety and rest in Him.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of cities of refuge required community involvement, reminding us of our responsibility to uphold justice and mercy in our communities today.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of distinguishing between intentional and unintentional actions in our daily lives?

3. How does the provision of a city of refuge point forward to the work of Christ as our ultimate refuge?

4. What responsibilities do we have as a community to ensure justice and mercy are upheld in our society?

5. How can understanding God's sovereignty in allowing events to happen impact our response to unexpected or difficult situations?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35:9-34
This passage provides detailed instructions about the cities of refuge, expanding on the concept introduced in Exodus 21:13.

Deuteronomy 19:1-13
Further elaborates on the laws concerning cities of refuge, emphasizing the importance of justice and mercy.

Joshua 20
Describes the actual establishment of the cities of refuge once the Israelites enter the Promised Land.

Hebrews 6:18
Uses the concept of refuge as a metaphor for the hope we have in Christ, who provides ultimate safety and salvation.