Exodus 10:4

But if you refuse to let My people go, I will bring locusts into your territory tomorrow.

Study Bible

But if you refuse
This phrase indicates a conditional warning from God to Pharaoh. The Hebrew word for "refuse" is "מָאֵן" (ma'en), which implies a deliberate and stubborn rejection. Historically, Pharaoh's repeated refusals to heed God's commands demonstrate the hardness of his heart, a theme that runs throughout the Exodus narrative. This refusal is not just a personal decision but a defiance against the divine will, showcasing the spiritual battle between God's sovereignty and human obstinacy.

to let My people go
The phrase "My people" emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "people" is "עַם" (am), signifying a collective group bound by shared identity and purpose. This highlights God's protective and possessive nature over Israel, affirming His promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The demand to "let go" is not merely a call for physical freedom but a divine mandate for spiritual liberation, underscoring the theme of redemption that is central to the Exodus story.

I will bring locusts
The locusts represent the eighth plague, a direct act of divine judgment. The Hebrew word for "locusts" is "אַרְבֶּה" (arbeh), creatures known for their destructive swarms. Archaeologically, locust plagues were a known phenomenon in ancient Egypt, often devastating crops and leading to famine. This plague serves as a powerful symbol of God's control over nature and His ability to use creation as an instrument of judgment. It also foreshadows the ultimate deliverance of Israel, as each plague progressively demonstrates God's power over the Egyptian gods and Pharaoh's impotence.

into your territory
The term "territory" refers to the land of Egypt, which was considered the domain of Pharaoh. The Hebrew word "גְּבוּל" (gevul) can mean border or boundary, indicating that the locusts would invade every part of Egypt, leaving no area untouched. This invasion signifies the breaking of Pharaoh's control and the encroachment of divine authority into human domains. Historically, Egypt was a land of abundance and fertility, and the locusts' devastation would have been a direct assault on the nation's pride and economic stability.

tomorrow
The specificity of "tomorrow" underscores the certainty and immediacy of God's actions. The Hebrew word "מָחָר" (machar) conveys a sense of impending judgment, leaving Pharaoh with a limited window for repentance. This immediacy serves as a reminder of God's patience and justice, offering Pharaoh one last chance to comply with His demands. The use of "tomorrow" also highlights the prophetic nature of God's word, as His declarations are not only promises but also certainties that unfold in His perfect timing.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He is the one delivering God's message to Pharaoh.

2. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who is obstinately refusing to release the Israelites from slavery, despite the plagues that have already afflicted his land.

3. The Israelites
God's chosen people, who are enslaved in Egypt and are the central focus of God's deliverance plan.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved and where God is demonstrating His power through the plagues.

5. The Plague of Locusts
The eighth plague that God threatens to bring upon Egypt if Pharaoh continues to refuse to release the Israelites. Locusts are a symbol of devastation and judgment.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Power
The plagues, including the locusts, demonstrate God's supreme authority over nature and nations. He uses these events to fulfill His purposes and to show that He is the one true God.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Pharaoh's refusal to obey God's command leads to severe consequences for Egypt. This serves as a warning about the dangers of hardening one's heart against God.

God's Faithfulness to His People
Despite the hardships, God is committed to delivering the Israelites. This reassures believers of God's unwavering faithfulness and His plans for redemption.

The Call to Repentance
The plagues are not just acts of judgment but also opportunities for Pharaoh and the Egyptians to repent. This highlights God's desire for repentance and transformation.

The Importance of Obedience
Moses' role in delivering God's message emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's commands, even in the face of opposition.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the plague of locusts in Exodus 10:4 illustrate God's power and authority over creation?

2. In what ways does Pharaoh's response to God's command serve as a warning for us today about the dangers of a hardened heart?

3. How can we see God's faithfulness to His people in the account of the plagues, and how does this encourage us in our own faith journey?

4. What lessons can we learn from Moses' obedience in delivering God's message, and how can we apply these lessons in our own lives?

5. How do the plagues, including the locusts, serve as both acts of judgment and opportunities for repentance, and what does this teach us about God's character?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Joel 1:4
This verse describes a locust invasion, drawing a parallel to the devastation that locusts can bring, similar to the plague in Egypt.

Revelation 9:3
Locusts are used symbolically in the end times, showing the continuity of locusts as instruments of divine judgment.

Psalm 105:34-35
This passage recounts the plagues in Egypt, including the locusts, as a testament to God's power and faithfulness to His people.