Esther 9:6

In the citadel of Susa, the Jews killed and destroyed five hundred men,

Study Bible

In the citadel of Susa
The phrase "In the citadel of Susa" refers to the fortified palace complex in the ancient city of Susa, which was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire. The Hebrew word for "citadel" is "בְּשׁוּשַׁן" (b'shushan), indicating a place of strength and protection. Susa was a significant location in the narrative of Esther, serving as the backdrop for much of the story. Historically, Susa was a center of power and administration, and its mention here underscores the gravity and reach of the events taking place. The citadel symbolizes the heart of Persian authority, where the Jews, under divine providence, were able to defend themselves against their enemies.

the Jews
The term "the Jews" refers to the descendants of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi, who were living in exile in Persia. The Hebrew word "יְהוּדִים" (Yehudim) is used here, emphasizing their identity as God's chosen people, even in a foreign land. This identity is central to the narrative, as it highlights the theme of divine protection and deliverance. The Jews' ability to defend themselves in Susa is a testament to God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises to preserve His people.

killed and destroyed
The words "killed and destroyed" are translated from the Hebrew "וַיַּכּוּ וַיַּשְׁמִידוּ" (vayakku vayashmidu). These terms convey the complete and decisive nature of the Jews' actions against their enemies. The use of both words emphasizes the thoroughness of the victory granted to the Jews. In the context of the narrative, this was not an act of aggression but a divinely sanctioned act of self-defense against those who sought their annihilation. It reflects the biblical principle that God empowers His people to stand against evil and injustice.

five hundred men
The specific number "five hundred men" indicates the scale of the conflict within the citadel of Susa. The Hebrew text uses "חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת אִישׁ" (chamesh me'ot ish), which underscores the significant threat posed by those who sought to harm the Jews. This number also serves to highlight the miraculous nature of the Jews' victory, as they were able to overcome a substantial force. In the broader biblical context, numbers often carry symbolic meaning, and here, the defeat of five hundred men signifies the completeness of God's deliverance and the protection He provides to His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Jews
The Jewish people living in the Persian Empire who were under threat due to Haman's decree but were granted the right to defend themselves by a subsequent decree from King Xerxes, influenced by Queen Esther and Mordecai.

2. The Citadel of Susa
The fortified palace complex in the city of Susa, which was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire. It served as the setting for much of the Book of Esther.

3. The Event of Defense
This verse describes the Jews' defense against their enemies, which was part of a larger event where they were allowed to protect themselves from those who sought to harm them.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Deliverance
The events in Esther 9:6 highlight God's providential care and deliverance of His people. Even when situations seem dire, God is at work behind the scenes to protect and preserve His people.

The Right to Self-Defense
The Jews' actions in Susa demonstrate the biblical principle of self-defense. While Christians are called to live peaceably, there is a time when defending oneself and one's community is necessary and justified.

The Consequences of Sin
The conflict with Haman, a descendant of the Amalekites, serves as a reminder of the long-term consequences of disobedience to God's commands, as seen in Saul's incomplete obedience.

The Importance of Community
The collective action of the Jews in Susa underscores the strength found in community and unity. Believers are encouraged to stand together in times of trial and opposition.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Esther 9:6 illustrate the theme of divine justice and protection in the face of adversity?

2. In what ways can the principle of self-defense seen in Esther 9:6 be applied to modern Christian life, while still adhering to the teachings of peace and forgiveness?

3. How does the historical enmity between the Jews and the Amalekites, as seen in Esther 9:6, inform our understanding of spiritual warfare today?

4. What lessons can we learn from the unity and collective action of the Jewish community in Susa, and how can these lessons be applied to strengthen our own faith communities?

5. How does the account of Esther and the events of Esther 9:6 encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty, even when His presence is not immediately visible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 17:8-16
This passage recounts the battle against the Amalekites, who were historical enemies of Israel. The connection lies in the theme of God's people defending themselves against their enemies, with divine support.

1 Samuel 15
This chapter describes God's command to Saul to destroy the Amalekites, which he failed to fully execute. The connection is the ongoing conflict with the Amalekites, of whom Haman was a descendant.

Romans 12:19
This verse speaks about leaving vengeance to God. The connection here is the balance between self-defense and trusting in God's justice.