Esther 3:7

In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the Pur (that is, the lot) was cast before Haman to determine a day and month. And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar.

Study Bible

In the first month, the month of Nisan
The phrase "In the first month, the month of Nisan," situates the events within the Jewish calendar, which is significant for understanding the timing of the narrative. Nisan is the first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding to March-April in the Gregorian calendar. This month is historically significant as it marks the beginning of the Jewish Passover, a time of deliverance and remembrance of God's faithfulness. The mention of Nisan sets the stage for a account of providence and deliverance, echoing the themes of Passover.

in the twelfth year of King Xerxes
The "twelfth year of King Xerxes" provides a historical anchor for the events described. King Xerxes, also known as Ahasuerus, ruled the Persian Empire, and his reign is well-documented in both biblical and secular history. The twelfth year of his reign would be around 474 BC. This historical context is crucial as it places the narrative within the broader scope of Persian dominance and the Jewish diaspora, highlighting the vulnerability of the Jewish people during this time.

they cast the pur (that is, the lot)
The casting of "the pur" or "the lot" is a practice rooted in ancient customs, where lots were cast to make decisions or determine fate. The Hebrew word "pur" is of Persian origin, indicating the influence of Persian culture on the narrative. This act of casting lots is significant in the account of Esther, as it underscores the theme of divine providence. While the lot is cast by human hands, the outcome is ultimately in God's control, reflecting the biblical truth that God governs the affairs of men.

in the presence of Haman
The presence of "Haman" in this verse introduces the antagonist of the story. Haman, an Agagite, is a descendant of the Amalekites, historical enemies of Israel. His presence and actions are pivotal in the unfolding drama of Esther. Haman's role as the adversary highlights the ongoing spiritual battle between God's people and those who oppose them. His plotting against the Jews sets the stage for God's intervention and the eventual triumph of His people.

to select a day and a month
The purpose of casting lots "to select a day and a month" reveals Haman's intention to determine the timing for his planned annihilation of the Jews. This method of decision-making, while seemingly random, is used by God to orchestrate His divine plan. The selection of a specific day and month becomes a crucial element in the narrative, as it allows for the unfolding of events that lead to the Jews' deliverance. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and He is sovereign over all circumstances.

And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar
The outcome, "the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar," is significant in the account of Esther. Adar is the last month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to February-March. The selection of this month provides a period of preparation and anticipation for the Jewish people. It is during this time that Esther and Mordecai take action to thwart Haman's plan. The choice of Adar, a month associated with joy and deliverance due to the festival of Purim, underscores the theme of reversal and redemption that permeates the book of Esther.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Xerxes
Also known as Ahasuerus, he was the Persian king during the events of the Book of Esther. His reign is marked by significant events that affected the Jewish people.

2. Haman
An Agagite and high-ranking official in King Xerxes' court. He is the antagonist in the account, known for his plot to annihilate the Jews.

3. Pur - the Lot (the lot)
A method of casting lots used to make decisions or determine fate. In this context, it was used by Haman to choose the date for the planned destruction of the Jews.

4. Nisan
The first month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to March-April in the Gregorian calendar. It is significant as the month of Passover.

5. Adar
The twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, corresponding to February-March. It is the month in which the Jewish festival of Purim is celebrated, commemorating the deliverance of the Jews from Haman's plot.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans
The casting of lots by Haman shows human attempts to control and plan, but ultimately, God is in control of the outcome. Believers can trust in God's sovereignty over their lives.

The Significance of Timing
The events in Esther occur during significant months in the Jewish calendar, reminding us that God's timing is perfect. We should be attentive to God's timing in our own lives.

The Power of Evil Intentions and God's Deliverance
Haman's plot was rooted in evil, yet God used it to bring about deliverance for His people. This teaches us that God can turn even the worst situations for our good and His glory.

The Importance of Faith and Courage
Esther's account encourages believers to have faith and courage in the face of adversity, trusting that God is working behind the scenes.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the casting of lots in Esther 3:7 demonstrate the concept of God's sovereignty, and how can this understanding impact your daily decision-making?

2. In what ways does the timing of Haman's plot in the month of Nisan contrast with the celebration of Passover, and what does this teach us about God's deliverance?

3. How can the account of Esther and the casting of lots encourage you to trust in God's control over seemingly random events in your life?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a situation with evil intentions against you. How can the account of Esther inspire you to trust in God's deliverance and protection?

5. How does the account of Esther connect with other biblical accounts where God turns evil intentions into good outcomes, and how can these accounts strengthen your faith?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 16:33
This verse highlights the sovereignty of God over the casting of lots, suggesting that while humans may cast lots, the outcome is determined by the Lord. This connection emphasizes God's control over the events in Esther.

Leviticus 23:5
This verse describes the Passover, which occurs in the month of Nisan. The timing of Haman's plot in the month of Nisan is significant as it contrasts with the deliverance celebrated during Passover.

Genesis 50:20
Joseph's statement about God turning evil intentions into good can be related to the account of Esther, where Haman's evil plot ultimately leads to the Jews' deliverance and celebration.