Esther 2:3

and let the king appoint commissioners in each province of his kingdom to assemble all the beautiful young women into the harem at the citadel of Susa. Let them be placed under the care of Hegai, the king's eunuch in charge of the women, and let them be given beauty treatments.

Study Bible

Let the king appoint commissioners
This phrase indicates the authority and organizational structure of the Persian Empire. The king, likely King Xerxes (Ahasuerus), had the power to appoint officials throughout his vast empire. The Hebrew root for "appoint" suggests a deliberate and authoritative action, reflecting the king's absolute rule. Historically, the Persian Empire was known for its efficient administration, with a network of officials ensuring the king's decrees were implemented across diverse regions.

in every province of his kingdom
The Persian Empire was extensive, stretching from India to Ethiopia, comprising 127 provinces. This phrase underscores the vastness and diversity of the empire. Each province had its own local customs and governance, yet all were subject to the king's authority. The historical context reveals the logistical challenge of such a decree, highlighting the empire's sophisticated communication and administrative systems.

to bring all the beautiful young virgins
This phrase reflects the cultural and societal norms of the time, where beauty and youth were highly valued, especially in royal courts. The Hebrew word for "virgins" implies purity and eligibility for marriage, which was crucial for the selection process. This practice, though foreign to modern sensibilities, was a common way for ancient monarchs to secure alliances and ensure the continuation of their lineage.

to the citadel of Susa
Susa was one of the Persian Empire's capitals, known for its grandeur and strategic importance. Archaeological findings have uncovered the opulence of the royal palace, providing a backdrop for the events in Esther. The citadel served as a symbol of Persian power and a central location for royal decisions and festivities.

to the harem under the supervision of Hegai
The harem was a secluded part of the royal palace where the king's wives and concubines resided. Hegai, the king's eunuch, was entrusted with overseeing the harem, indicating his trusted position. Eunuchs often held significant roles in ancient courts due to their perceived loyalty and inability to challenge the king's lineage. This arrangement reflects the structured and hierarchical nature of the Persian court.

the king’s eunuch, custodian of the women
This phrase highlights the role of eunuchs in ancient Near Eastern societies. As custodians, they were responsible for the care and management of the women in the harem. The term "custodian" implies a protective and managerial role, ensuring the women were prepared for their potential presentation to the king.

And let them be given beauty treatments
Beauty treatments were an essential part of preparation for women in the royal court, emphasizing the importance of physical appearance. The Hebrew term suggests a regimen of oils, perfumes, and cosmetics, reflecting the luxurious lifestyle of the Persian elite. This practice illustrates the cultural emphasis on beauty and the lengths to which individuals would go to gain favor in the king's eyes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I)
The Persian king who ruled over 127 provinces from India to Cush. He is the central figure in the book of Esther, known for his opulent lifestyle and decisive actions.

2. Commissioners
Officials appointed by King Ahasuerus to carry out his decree across the provinces. Their role was to gather the young women for the king's harem.

3. Susa (Shushan)
The capital city of the Persian Empire where the king's palace was located. It is the setting for much of the book of Esther.

4. Hegai
The king’s eunuch in charge of the harem. He was responsible for the care and preparation of the women brought to the palace.

5. The Harem
A secluded part of the royal palace where the women lived. It was a place of preparation and waiting for those chosen to be presented to the king.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Unlikely Circumstances
Even in a pagan empire, God is at work behind the scenes, orchestrating events for His purposes. Trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem beyond our control.

The Role of Preparation
The beauty treatments symbolize preparation. In our spiritual lives, preparation through prayer, study, and obedience is crucial for fulfilling God's purposes.

Cultural Context and God's Plan
Understanding the cultural context of Esther helps us see how God can use any situation for His glory. We should seek to understand our own cultural context to better serve God's mission.

The Value of Inner Beauty
While the focus in Esther 2:3 is on physical beauty, Scripture consistently emphasizes the importance of inner beauty and character. Cultivate a heart that reflects God's love and righteousness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the appointment of commissioners in Esther 2:3 demonstrate the organizational structure of the Persian Empire, and what can we learn about God's use of human systems for His purposes?

2. In what ways does the account of Esther parallel other biblical accounts where individuals are placed in foreign courts? How does this encourage us in our own "foreign" environments?

3. How can we apply the concept of preparation seen in Esther 2:3 to our spiritual lives today? What specific steps can we take to prepare ourselves for God's calling?

4. Considering the cultural emphasis on beauty in Esther 2:3, how can we balance cultural expectations with biblical values in our own lives?

5. Reflect on a time when you saw God's sovereignty at work in an unexpected situation. How did that experience shape your faith and understanding of God's plan?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12
The account of Sarah being taken into Pharaoh's palace parallels the gathering of women in Esther, highlighting themes of divine protection and providence.

Daniel 1
Daniel and his friends were also taken to a foreign court and underwent a period of preparation, similar to the beauty treatments in Esther.

1 Samuel 16
The anointing of David, where God looks at the heart rather than outward appearance, contrasts with the focus on beauty in Esther 2:3.