Deuteronomy 24:3

and the second man hates her, writes her a certificate of divorce, hands it to her, and sends her away from his house, or if he dies,

Study Bible

and if the second husband dislikes her
The phrase "second husband" indicates a subsequent marriage following a divorce, which was a legal and social reality in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "dislikes" is "שָׂנֵא" (sane), which can mean to hate or to be unwilling. This reflects the conditional nature of human relationships and the potential for discord even in a covenantal bond. In the historical context, marriage was not only a personal commitment but also a social contract with legal implications. The Torah provided guidelines to protect individuals, especially women, from unjust treatment. This phrase underscores the importance of love and commitment in marriage, as well as the potential for human failure.

and divorces her
The Hebrew term for "divorces" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), meaning to send away or let go. In ancient Israel, divorce was a formal process that required a written document, known as a "get." This legal procedure was intended to protect the rights of both parties, particularly the woman, by providing her with the freedom to remarry. The allowance for divorce in the Mosaic Law acknowledges the reality of human sinfulness and the breakdown of relationships, while also emphasizing the sanctity and seriousness of the marriage covenant. This phrase serves as a reminder of the need for grace and forgiveness in marital relationships.

or if he dies
The mention of death introduces another scenario in which a woman might find herself without a husband. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a widow was often vulnerable and in need of protection and provision. The Mosaic Law included specific provisions for the care of widows, reflecting God's compassion and justice. This phrase highlights the transient nature of life and the importance of community support for those who are bereaved. It also points to the ultimate hope and assurance found in God's eternal covenant with His people, which transcends the temporal realities of life and death.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Woman
Central to the verse, she is subject to the actions of her husbands, reflecting the societal norms of the time.

2. The First Husband
He initially divorces the woman, setting the stage for the events described.

3. The Second Husband
He either divorces the woman or dies, further impacting her status and future.

4. Moses
Traditionally considered the author of Deuteronomy, providing laws and guidelines for the Israelites.

5. Israelite Society
The cultural and legal backdrop against which these laws were given, reflecting the norms and values of ancient Israel.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Context
Recognize the historical and cultural context of ancient Israel, where laws were given to maintain social order and protect individuals, especially women, in a patriarchal society.

The Sanctity of Marriage
Reflect on the biblical view of marriage as a covenant, intended to be a lifelong commitment, and the implications of divorce as a last resort.

God's Compassion and Justice
Consider how these laws, while seemingly harsh, were designed to protect the vulnerable and ensure justice within the community.

The Role of the Heart
Jesus' teachings in the New Testament emphasize the heart's condition over legalistic adherence, urging believers to pursue righteousness and love in relationships.

Application in Modern Context
Evaluate how these principles apply today, encouraging believers to uphold the sanctity of marriage while showing grace and understanding in complex situations.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural context of ancient Israel help us interpret Deuteronomy 24:3?

2. In what ways does Jesus' teaching on divorce in the New Testament expand upon or reinterpret the Mosaic law?

3. How can we apply the principles of justice and protection for the vulnerable, as seen in this passage, in our communities today?

4. What does this verse teach us about the importance of commitment and faithfulness in marriage?

5. How can we balance upholding the sanctity of marriage with showing compassion and grace to those who have experienced divorce?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 19:3-9
Jesus discusses the topic of divorce, referencing the Mosaic law and emphasizing the sanctity of marriage.

Mark 10:2-12
Similar to Matthew, this passage highlights Jesus' teaching on marriage and divorce, reinforcing the original intent of marital union.

Jeremiah 3:1
Uses the metaphor of divorce to describe Israel's unfaithfulness, illustrating the gravity of breaking covenant relationships.

Malachi 2:16
God expresses His disdain for divorce, underscoring the importance of faithfulness and commitment in marriage.