Deuteronomy 15:12

If a fellow Hebrew, a man or a woman, is sold to you and serves you six years, then in the seventh year you must set him free.

Study Bible

If a fellow Hebrew
The term "Hebrew" refers to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the chosen people of God. In the Hebrew language, the word "Hebrew" (עִבְרִי, Ivri) is often associated with the idea of crossing over or passing through, reflecting the journey of faith and obedience that characterizes the life of God's people. This phrase emphasizes the communal and covenantal relationship among the Israelites, highlighting the importance of treating one another with dignity and respect as members of God's covenant community.

a man or woman
This phrase underscores the inclusivity of the law, applying equally to both genders. In the ancient Near Eastern context, where women often had fewer rights, this inclusion is significant. It reflects the biblical principle that all individuals, regardless of gender, are created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27) and are to be treated with fairness and justice. The equal application of this law to both men and women demonstrates God's impartiality and the inherent value of every person.

is sold to you
The concept of being "sold" into servitude in ancient Israel was often a result of poverty or debt. Unlike the harsh slavery systems of other ancient cultures, Hebrew servitude was regulated by laws that protected the rights and dignity of the servant. The Hebrew word for "sold" (מָכַר, makar) implies a transaction, but within the context of Israelite law, it was more akin to an indentured servitude with specific terms and conditions. This reflects God's concern for justice and the well-being of the vulnerable in society.

and serves you six years
The six-year period of service is significant, as it mirrors the creation pattern of six days of work followed by a day of rest (Exodus 20:9-10). This temporal structure reflects God's design for work and rest, emphasizing the importance of balance and the dignity of labor. The six-year term also provided a structured opportunity for the servant to work off debt or improve their circumstances, with the assurance of eventual freedom.

then in the seventh year
The seventh year, known as the Sabbatical year, was a time of release and renewal. The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completion and perfection, reflecting God's perfect plan for His people. The Sabbatical year was a time of rest for the land and liberation for servants, embodying the principles of mercy and grace. It served as a reminder of God's deliverance of Israel from slavery in Egypt and His ongoing provision and care.

you must set him free
The command to "set him free" is a powerful declaration of liberation and restoration. The Hebrew word for "set free" (שָׁלַח, shalach) conveys the idea of sending forth or releasing. This act of liberation was not merely a legal obligation but a reflection of God's character and His desire for His people to experience freedom. It points to the ultimate freedom found in Christ, who came to set captives free (Luke 4:18). This command also underscores the importance of compassion and generosity, as the freed servant was to be sent away with provisions to ensure a fresh start (Deuteronomy 15:13-14).

Persons / Places / Events

1. Hebrew Servant
Refers to a fellow Israelite who, due to financial hardship, sells themselves into servitude to pay off debts.

2. Israel
The nation to whom these laws were given, emphasizing community and compassion among God's people.

3. Sabbatical Year
The seventh year, a time of release and freedom, reflecting God's provision and mercy.

Teaching Points

God's Compassionate Provision
The law reflects God's heart for justice and compassion, ensuring that servitude is not perpetual but has a clear end.

Principle of Rest and Release
The sabbatical year is a reminder of God's provision and the importance of rest and renewal, both physically and spiritually.

Community Responsibility
The Israelites were called to care for one another, ensuring that no one remained in bondage indefinitely, fostering a sense of community and mutual support.

Spiritual Freedom in Christ
Just as the Hebrew servant was set free, believers are reminded of the freedom they have in Christ, encouraging them to live in that freedom and extend grace to others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of the sabbatical year in Deuteronomy 15:12 reflect God's character and His intentions for His people?

2. In what ways can the principle of release and freedom be applied in our modern context, particularly in our relationships and community responsibilities?

3. How does the treatment of Hebrew servants in the Old Testament inform our understanding of justice and compassion today?

4. What parallels can be drawn between the physical freedom granted in the sabbatical year and the spiritual freedom offered through Christ?

5. How can we, as a church community, ensure that we are living out the principles of rest, release, and renewal in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 21:2-6
Provides similar laws regarding Hebrew servants, emphasizing the humane treatment and eventual release of servants.

Leviticus 25:39-43
Discusses the Year of Jubilee, a broader application of release and restoration, highlighting God's desire for freedom and equality.

Galatians 5:1
Speaks to the spiritual freedom believers have in Christ, drawing a parallel to the physical freedom granted in the sabbatical year.