Acts 25:23
The next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp and entered the auditorium, along with the commanders and leading men of the city. And Festus ordered that Paul be brought in.
The next day
This phrase indicates the immediacy and urgency of the events. In the context of Acts, it shows the swift progression of Paul's trials and the unfolding of God's plan. The Greek word for "day" (ἡμέρα, hēmera) often signifies a period of time marked by divine intervention or significant events in biblical narratives.

Agrippa and Bernice
King Agrippa II and his sister Bernice were prominent figures in Judea. Agrippa, a Herodian king, was well-versed in Jewish customs and laws, which is significant as Paul would later appeal to his knowledge of Jewish prophecy. Bernice, often accompanying Agrippa, was known for her influence and controversial relationship with her brother. Their presence highlights the political and social complexities of the time.

came with great pomp
The Greek word for "pomp" (φαντασία, phantasia) suggests a display of grandeur and splendor. This phrase underscores the contrast between the earthly power and majesty of Agrippa and Bernice and the humble, yet spiritually powerful, presence of Paul. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of worldly glory compared to the eternal kingdom of God.

entered the auditorium
The "auditorium" (ἀκροατήριον, akroatērion) was a place for public gatherings and official proceedings. This setting emphasizes the formal and public nature of Paul's hearing, providing a stage for the proclamation of the Gospel to both Jewish and Gentile audiences. It reflects the spread of Christianity beyond private homes into public arenas.

along with the commanders and leading men of the city
This phrase indicates the presence of Roman military and civic leaders, highlighting the political significance of the event. The involvement of these figures demonstrates the widespread interest and potential impact of Paul's message. It also reflects the fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy that His followers would testify before kings and rulers (Luke 21:12-13).

When Festus gave the order
Festus, the Roman governor, plays a crucial role in the legal proceedings against Paul. His order signifies the Roman authority overseeing the trial. The Greek term for "order" (κελεύω, keleuō) implies a command or directive, showcasing the structured and hierarchical nature of Roman governance.

Paul was brought in
Paul's entrance marks the beginning of his defense and testimony. Despite being a prisoner, Paul stands as a witness to the truth of the Gospel. His presence in the auditorium is a testament to God's providence, using Paul's circumstances to spread the message of Christ to influential leaders and audiences. The Greek verb for "brought in" (εἰσάγω, eisagō) suggests being led or introduced, indicating Paul's role as a divinely appointed messenger.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Agrippa
King Herod Agrippa II, the last of the Herodian dynasty, known for his knowledge of Jewish customs and laws. He was the son of Herod Agrippa I and the great-grandson of Herod the Great.

2. Bernice
Sister of Agrippa II, known for her controversial life and close relationship with her brother, which was often the subject of rumors.

3. Festus
Porcius Festus, the Roman governor of Judea, who succeeded Felix. He was responsible for maintaining order and administering justice in the region.

4. Audience Hall
A formal setting where official proceedings and hearings took place, often used for legal matters and public addresses.

5. Paul
The Apostle Paul, a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological contributions. At this point, he is a prisoner awaiting trial.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Trials
Despite the pomp and power of earthly rulers, God orchestrates events for His purposes. Paul's trial is an opportunity for the gospel to be proclaimed to influential leaders.

Courage in Witnessing
Paul stands firm in his faith, ready to testify about Christ regardless of the audience. Believers are called to be bold in sharing their faith, even in intimidating circumstances.

The Role of Authority
Earthly authorities, like Festus and Agrippa, are part of God's plan. Christians are to respect and pray for leaders, trusting that God can use them for His purposes.

The Power of Testimony
Paul's life account and conversion are powerful tools for evangelism. Personal testimonies can be effective in witnessing to others about the transformative power of Christ.

Preparation for Defense
Like Paul, believers should be prepared to articulate their faith clearly and confidently, relying on the Holy Spirit for wisdom and strength.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the presence of Agrippa and Bernice with "great pomp" contrast with Paul's situation, and what does this teach us about earthly versus spiritual authority?

2. In what ways does Paul's trial before Agrippa and Festus provide an opportunity for the gospel to be shared? How can we find similar opportunities in our own lives?

3. Reflect on a time when you had to defend your faith. How can Paul's example in Acts 25:23 encourage you to be more prepared and courageous in the future?

4. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Agrippa and Bernice's relationship help us better understand the dynamics of this passage?

5. Considering 1 Peter 3:15, how can you better prepare yourself to give a defense for your faith in everyday situations? What steps can you take to be more effective in sharing your testimony?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Acts 9
Paul's conversion on the road to Damascus, which sets the stage for his mission and eventual trials.

Acts 26
Paul's defense before Agrippa, where he shares his testimony and the gospel message.

1 Peter 3:15
Encouragement to always be prepared to give a defense for the hope within, which Paul exemplifies in his trials.

2 Timothy 4:16-17
Paul's experience of being alone in his defense but strengthened by the Lord, similar to his situation in Acts 25.
Agrippa and BerniceDean Plumptre.Acts 25:13-27
Face to FaceActs 25:13-27
Paul Before Princes and RulersK. Gerok.Acts 25:13-27
Paul in the Presence of King AgrippaR.A. Redford Acts 25:13-27
Paul's Introduction to AgrippaD. Thomas, D. D.Acts 25:13-27
The Blindness of Mere Worldly Education in Matters of Christian TruthK. Gerok.Acts 25:13-27
The Judgment of Worldly Men Concerning Matters of FaithLisco.Acts 25:13-27
The Principles of a Sound AdministrationK. Gerok.Acts 25:13-27
Worldly Judgment on Religious MattersE. Johnson Acts 25:13-27
How the Christian is Regarded by the WorldJ. W. Burn.Acts 25:22-27
Motives for HearingK. Gerok.Acts 25:22-27
Power, Degeneracy, and ConsecrationW. Clarkson Acts 25:22-27
The Audience Chamber of CaesareaK. Gerok.Acts 25:22-27
The Vanity of Regal PompActs 25:22-27
The Voluptuary's Desire for a New SensationH. R. Haweis, M. A.Acts 25:22-27
The Worth of Worldly GloryA. Farindon.Acts 25:22-27
People
Agrippa, Augustus, Bernice, Felix, Festus, Paul
Places
Caesarea, Jerusalem
Topics
Accompanied, Agrippa, Amid, Army, Attended, Audience, Auditorium, Bernice, Berni'ce, Captains, Chamber, Chief, Chiliarchs, Command, Commanders, Commanding, Commandment, Display, Distinction, Entered, Festus, Forth, Glory, Hall, Hearing, Judgement, Leading, Military, Morrow, Officers, Order, Ordered, Paul, Pomp, Principal, Prominent, Public, Rank, Ranking, Room, Seats, Town, Tribunes
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Acts 25:23

     5434   officer
     5489   rank
     8405   commands, in NT
     9230   judgment seat

Acts 25:23-26:25

     5203   acquittal

Acts 25:23-26:32

     5593   trial

Library
1 Cor. 15:3-4. Foundation Truths.
[4] "I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures; "And that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures."--1 Cor. 15:3-4. THE text which heads this paper is taken from a passage of Scripture with which most Englishmen are only too well acquainted. It is the chapter from which the lesson has been selected, which forms part of the matchless Burial Service of the Church of England. Of
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times

Whether a Judge May Condemn a Man who is not Accused?
Objection 1: It would seem that a judge may pass sentence on a man who is not accused. For human justice is derived from Divine justice. Now God judges the sinner even though there be no accuser. Therefore it seems that a man may pass sentence of condemnation on a man even though there be no accuser. Objection 2: Further, an accuser is required in judicial procedure in order that he may relate the crime to the judge. Now sometimes the crime may come to the judge's knowledge otherwise than by accusation;
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Ambition is Opposed to Magnanimity by Excess?
Objection 1: It seems that ambition is not opposed to magnanimity by excess. For one mean has only one extreme opposed to it on the one side. Now presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess as stated above ([3363]Q[130], A[2]). Therefore ambition is not opposed to it by excess. Objection 2: Further, magnanimity is about honors; whereas ambition seems to regard positions of dignity: for it is written (2 Macc. 4:7) that "Jason ambitiously sought the high priesthood." Therefore ambition is not opposed
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether it is Lawful for the Accused to Escape Judgment by Appealing?
Objection 1: It would seem unlawful for the accused to escape judgment by appealing. The Apostle says (Rom. 13:1): "Let every soul be subject to the higher powers." Now the accused by appealing refuses to be subject to a higher power, viz. the judge. Therefore he commits a sin. Objection 2: Further, ordinary authority is more binding than that which we choose for ourselves. Now according to the Decretals (II, qu. vi, cap. A judicibus) it is unlawful to appeal from the judges chosen by common consent.
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Acts 26:24-29. Portraits.
[10] "And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning doth make thee mad. "But he said, I am not mad, most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness. "For the king knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for this thing was not done in a corner. "King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets? I know that thou believest. "Then Agrippa said
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times

Messiah Worshipped by Angels
Let all the angels of God worship Him. M any of the Lord's true servants, have been in a situation so nearly similar to that of Elijah, that like him they have been tempted to think they were left to serve the Lord alone (I Kings 19:10) . But God had then a faithful people, and He has so in every age. The preaching of the Gospel may be compared to a standard erected, to which they repair, and thereby become known to each other, and more exposed to the notice and observation of the world. But we hope
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

The Candour of the Writers of the New Testament.
I make this candour to consist in their putting down many passages, and noticing many circumstances, which no writer whatever was likely to have forged; and which no writer would have chosen to appear in his book who had been careful to present the story in the most unexceptionable form, or who had thought himself at liberty to carve and mould the particulars of that story according to his choice, or according to his judgment of the effect. A strong and well-known example of the fairness of the evangelists
William Paley—Evidences of Christianity

The Intercession of Christ
Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us! T he Redemption of the soul is precious. Fools make mock of sin (Proverbs 14:9) . But they will not think lightly of it, who duly consider the majesty, authority, and goodness of Him, against whom it is committed; and who are taught, by what God actually has done, what sin rendered necessary to be done, before a sinner could have a well-grounded
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Jerusalem to Rome
Acts 21:17-28:31 THIS JOURNEY Scripture, Acts 21:17-28:31 1. The speech before the Jewish mob in the temple (Acts 22:1-29) in which Paul tells the Jews how he was changed from a persecutor to a believer in Christ. He relates also the story of his conversion. 2. The speech before the Jewish council (Acts 22:30; 23:1-10) in which he creates confusion by raising the question of the resurrection. But the provocation was great for the high-priest had commanded that Paul be smitten
Henry T. Sell—Bible Studies in the Life of Paul

From Antioch to the Destruction of Jerusalem.
Acts 13-28 and all the rest of the New Testament except the epistles of John and Revelation. The Changed Situation. We have now come to a turning point in the whole situation. The center of work has shifted from Jerusalem to Antioch, the capital of the Greek province of Syria, the residence of the Roman governor of the province. We change from the study of the struggles of Christianity in the Jewish world to those it made among heathen people. We no longer study many and various persons and their
Josiah Blake Tidwell—The Bible Period by Period

One Argument which Has Been Much Relied Upon but not More than Its Just Weight...
One argument which has been much relied upon (but not more than its just weight deserves) is the conformity of the facts occasionally mentioned or referred to in Scripture with the state of things in those times, as represented by foreign and independent accounts; which conformity proves, that the writers of the New Testament possessed a species of local knowledge which could belong only to an inhabitant of that country and to one living in that age. This argument, if well made out by examples, is
William Paley—Evidences of Christianity

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