2 Samuel 5:5

In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.

Study Bible

In Hebron
The city of Hebron holds significant historical and spiritual importance in the biblical narrative. It was one of the oldest cities in the region and a place where the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had sojourned. Hebron was also a Levitical city and a city of refuge. David's reign in Hebron symbolizes a period of consolidation and preparation. The Hebrew root for Hebron, "חֶבְרוֹן" (Chevron), can mean "association" or "alliance," reflecting the initial unification of the tribe of Judah under David's leadership.

he reigned over Judah
David's reign over Judah marks the beginning of his kingship, which was initially limited to his own tribe. This period was crucial for establishing his rule and gaining the loyalty of his people. The tribe of Judah, from which David descended, was prophesied to hold the scepter (Genesis 49:10), and David's kingship fulfilled this prophecy. His leadership in Judah set the stage for the eventual unification of all Israel under his rule.

seven years and six months
The specific duration of David's reign in Hebron underscores the period of transition and growth. The number seven often symbolizes completeness or perfection in the Bible, suggesting that this time was divinely appointed for David to prepare for his future role as king over all Israel. The additional six months indicate a period of waiting and testing, emphasizing the importance of God's timing in the unfolding of His plans.

and in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, known as the City of David, became the political and spiritual center of Israel under David's reign. The city's selection as the capital was strategic, as it was centrally located and not previously dominated by any single tribe, promoting unity among the tribes. Jerusalem's significance would grow as the site of the future temple, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The Hebrew name "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim) can mean "foundation of peace," reflecting the city's role in God's plan for His people.

he reigned over all Israel and Judah
This phrase marks the fulfillment of God's promise to David, uniting the northern and southern tribes under a single monarchy. David's reign over all Israel and Judah signifies the establishment of a united kingdom, a foreshadowing of the Messianic kingdom where Christ, the Son of David, will reign over all. This unity under David's leadership prefigures the spiritual unity found in Christ, who breaks down dividing walls and brings together all believers.

thirty-three years
The length of David's reign in Jerusalem is significant, as thirty-three is often associated with promise and fulfillment in biblical numerology. David's reign in Jerusalem was marked by military victories, the establishment of a centralized government, and the preparation for the building of the temple. This period reflects the maturity and stability of David's kingship, as well as God's faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises to David and Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The central figure in this verse, David is anointed king over Judah and later over all Israel. His reign marks a significant period in Israel's history, characterized by unification and expansion.

2. Hebron
A city in the southern part of Judah where David first established his reign. It served as the capital of Judah for seven years and six months.

3. Jerusalem
The city that David captured from the Jebusites and established as the political and spiritual center of Israel. It became the capital of the united kingdom of Israel and Judah.

4. Judah
The southern tribe of Israel, initially the only tribe to recognize David as king. David's reign in Hebron was over Judah alone.

5. Israel
Refers to the northern tribes of Israel. David's reign in Jerusalem was over the united kingdom of all the tribes of Israel and Judah.

Teaching Points

God's Timing and Sovereignty
David's journey to kingship was marked by patience and trust in God's timing. Believers are encouraged to trust in God's plan and timing for their lives, even when it requires waiting.

Unity and Leadership
David's reign over a united Israel highlights the importance of unity under godly leadership. Christians are called to seek unity within the body of Christ and to support leaders who follow God's heart.

The Significance of Jerusalem
Jerusalem's establishment as the capital signifies a central place for worship and governance. Believers can reflect on the importance of having a central focus on God in their lives.

Faithfulness in Small Beginnings
David's initial reign over Judah alone teaches the value of being faithful in smaller responsibilities before being entrusted with greater ones. Christians are encouraged to be diligent and faithful in their current roles.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's patience in waiting for God's timing to become king challenge or encourage you in your current life situation?

2. In what ways can you promote unity within your community or church, following David's example of uniting Israel?

3. How does the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital city relate to the importance of having a central focus on God in your life?

4. Reflect on a time when you were faithful in a small responsibility. How did that prepare you for greater opportunities, similar to David's experience?

5. How can the account of David's reign inspire you to trust in God's sovereignty and plan for your life, even when the path seems uncertain?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 16
This chapter describes the anointing of David by Samuel, signifying God's choice of David as king, which sets the stage for his eventual reign over all Israel.

1 Chronicles 11
This passage parallels 2 Samuel 5 and provides additional details about David's reign and his establishment of Jerusalem as the capital.

Psalm 78:70-72
These verses reflect on God's choice of David as king and his shepherd-like leadership over Israel, emphasizing his integrity and skill.