1 Timothy 1:10

for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave traders and liars and perjurers, and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching

Study Bible

for the sexually immoral
The Greek word used here is "πόρνοις" (pornois), which refers to those who engage in sexual immorality. In the historical context of the early church, sexual immorality was a significant concern, as it was prevalent in Greco-Roman society. The term encompasses a range of behaviors outside the bounds of the marital covenant, which is upheld as sacred in Christian doctrine. This phrase serves as a reminder of the call to purity and the sanctity of marriage as ordained by God.

for homosexuals
The Greek term "ἀρσενοκοίταις" (arsenokoitais) is used here, which is a compound word derived from "arsen" (male) and "koite" (bed), indicating men who engage in sexual relations with other men. This term is rooted in the moral teachings of the Old Testament, particularly Leviticus, and reflects the early church's adherence to these teachings. The inclusion of this term underscores the biblical view of sexual relations as intended for a man and a woman within marriage.

for slave traders
The Greek word "ἀνδραποδισταῖς" (andrapodistais) refers to those who engage in the buying and selling of human beings. In the ancient world, slavery was a common practice, but the early Christian community was called to a higher standard of love and respect for all individuals as image-bearers of God. This phrase highlights the Christian condemnation of exploiting others for personal gain and the call to uphold the dignity of every person.

and liars
The Greek term "ψεύσταις" (pseustais) is used here, referring to those who speak falsehoods. Truthfulness is a core value in Christian ethics, reflecting the nature of God, who is truth. In a world where deceit can be rampant, this phrase calls believers to be people of integrity, whose words align with the truth of the Gospel.

and perjurers
The Greek word "ἐπιόρκοις" (epiorkois) refers to those who swear falsely, particularly in legal settings. This term emphasizes the importance of honesty and the serious nature of oaths. In the biblical context, taking an oath was a solemn act, and breaking it was seen as a direct offense against God. This phrase serves as a warning against the misuse of one's word and the importance of maintaining trustworthiness.

and for anyone else who is averse to sound teaching
The phrase "ἀντίκειται τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ" (antikeitai tē hygiainousē didaskalia) refers to those who oppose or reject healthy, sound doctrine. The early church faced many false teachings, and Paul emphasizes the necessity of adhering to the true Gospel. This phrase encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith, grounded in the teachings of Christ and the apostles, and to resist any doctrine that deviates from the truth.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter, Paul, is writing to Timothy, his young protégé, to provide guidance on maintaining sound doctrine and order within the church.

2. Timothy
A young church leader in Ephesus, Timothy is the recipient of this letter. Paul is mentoring him in his pastoral duties and responsibilities.

3. Ephesus
The city where Timothy is stationed. It was a major center of commerce and culture in the Roman Empire, known for its diverse population and religious practices.

4. False Teachers
Individuals in the Ephesian church who were spreading incorrect doctrines, which Paul is addressing in this letter.

5. The Early Church
The broader context of this letter is the early Christian community, which was establishing its identity and teachings amidst various cultural and religious influences.

Teaching Points

Understanding Sound Doctrine
Sound teaching is rooted in the truth of the Gospel and aligns with God's moral standards. Believers are called to discern and uphold these teachings in their lives.

Moral Conduct and Christian Witness
The behaviors listed in 1 Timothy 1:10 are contrary to the Christian witness. Followers of Christ are encouraged to live lives that reflect the holiness and righteousness of God.

The Role of the Law
The law serves to identify sin and guide believers toward righteous living. It is not merely a set of rules but a reflection of God's character and expectations for His people.

Cultural Challenges and Faithfulness
Just as Timothy faced cultural pressures in Ephesus, modern believers must navigate societal norms that conflict with biblical teachings. Faithfulness to Scripture is paramount.

Grace and Transformation
While the law identifies sin, it is through the grace of Jesus Christ that transformation and redemption are possible. Believers are called to rely on God's grace for change.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural context of Ephesus help us interpret Paul's instructions to Timothy in 1 Timothy 1:10?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our lives align with "sound teaching" as described in this passage?

3. How do the behaviors listed in 1 Timothy 1:10 contrast with the fruit of the Spirit found in Galatians 5:22-23?

4. What role does the law play in identifying sin, and how can we apply this understanding to our daily lives?

5. How can we rely on God's grace to transform areas of our lives that may be contrary to His teachings, as outlined in 1 Timothy 1:10?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Romans 1:26-27
Paul discusses similar themes of sexual immorality and unnatural relations, emphasizing the consequences of turning away from God's design.

1 Corinthians 6:9-10
This passage lists behaviors that are contrary to inheriting the kingdom of God, paralleling the list in 1 Timothy 1:10.

Exodus 20:16
The commandment against bearing false witness connects to the condemnation of liars and perjurers in 1 Timothy 1:10.