1 Samuel 27:4
And when Saul learned that David had fled to Gath, he no longer searched for him.
And when Saul was told
This phrase indicates the communication network and intelligence system in ancient Israel. Saul, as king, had informants and messengers who kept him updated on the movements of his adversaries. The Hebrew root for "told" is "נָגַד" (nagad), which means to declare or make known. This reflects the importance of information and the reliance on human networks for news, contrasting with divine revelation, which often guided David.

that David had fled
The word "fled" comes from the Hebrew "בָּרַח" (barach), meaning to escape or run away. David's flight signifies a strategic retreat rather than cowardice. Historically, David's decision to flee highlights his wisdom and understanding of Saul's relentless pursuit. It also underscores the theme of divine providence, as David's actions are often guided by God's will, ensuring his survival and eventual kingship.

to Gath
Gath was one of the five Philistine city-states and the hometown of Goliath. David's choice to seek refuge in Gath is ironic, given his previous victory over Goliath. This decision reflects David's desperation and strategic acumen, as he sought asylum among Israel's enemies to escape Saul's reach. Archaeological findings in Gath reveal a significant Philistine presence, providing context for David's interactions with Achish, the king of Gath.

he no longer searched for him
Saul's cessation of pursuit is significant. The Hebrew root for "searched" is "בָּקַשׁ" (baqash), meaning to seek or strive after. Saul's relentless pursuit of David was driven by jealousy and fear of losing his throne. The phrase indicates a temporary reprieve for David, orchestrated by divine intervention. It also foreshadows Saul's eventual downfall, as his inability to capture David reflects his waning power and God's favor shifting towards David.

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The anointed future king of Israel, who is fleeing from King Saul's relentless pursuit. At this point, David seeks refuge in Gath, a Philistine city.

2. Saul
The current king of Israel, who is consumed by jealousy and fear of David, leading him to pursue David relentlessly to kill him.

3. Gath
A Philistine city, known as the home of Goliath, where David seeks asylum. This is significant as it shows David's desperation, seeking refuge among Israel's enemies.

4. Philistines
The enemies of Israel, who are often in conflict with the Israelites. David's decision to flee to Gath is a strategic move to escape Saul's pursuit.

5. Achish
The king of Gath, who provides David with refuge. This alliance is unexpected given the historical enmity between the Philistines and Israelites.
Teaching Points
Trust in God's Sovereignty
Despite David's desperate circumstances, his actions reflect a trust in God's ultimate plan. Believers can find comfort in knowing that God is sovereign over their lives, even in difficult situations.

Strategic Wisdom
David's decision to flee to Gath shows his strategic thinking. Christians are encouraged to use wisdom and discernment in their decisions, seeking God's guidance in all circumstances.

God's Protection
David's safety in Gath, despite being among enemies, illustrates God's protection. Believers can trust that God is their refuge and strength, even when surrounded by adversaries.

The Futility of Jealousy and Fear
Saul's pursuit of David is driven by jealousy and fear, leading to his downfall. Christians are reminded to guard their hearts against these destructive emotions.

Unexpected Alliances
David's alliance with Achish shows that God can use unexpected means to provide for His people. Believers should remain open to God's provision, even when it comes from unlikely sources.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does David's decision to flee to Gath reveal about his character and faith in God?

2. How does Saul's reaction to David's escape to Gath illustrate the consequences of living in fear and jealousy?

3. In what ways can we apply David's strategic thinking and reliance on God to our own lives when facing difficult decisions?

4. How do the Psalms attributed to David during his time in Gath (Psalm 34 and Psalm 56) provide insight into his spiritual state and reliance on God?

5. What can we learn from David's experience about finding refuge and protection in God, even when surrounded by potential threats?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Samuel 21:10-15
This passage describes David's previous visit to Gath, where he feigned madness to escape. It provides context for his relationship with the Philistines and his strategic thinking.

Psalm 34
Traditionally attributed to David during his time in Philistine territory, this psalm reflects his trust in God despite his precarious situation.

Psalm 56
Another psalm linked to David's time in Gath, expressing his fear and faith in God amidst danger.

1 Samuel 23:14
Highlights Saul's relentless pursuit of David, emphasizing the danger David faced and his need for refuge.
David's Residence Among the PhilistinesB. Dale 1 Samuel 27:3-12
People
Abigail, Achish, Ahinoam, Amalekites, Carmelitess, David, Gerzites, Geshurites, Gezrites, Girzites, Gizrites, Israelites, Jerahmeel, Jerahmeelites, Jezreel, Jezreelitess, Jizreelitess, Kenites, Maoch, Nabal, Saul
Places
Carmel, Egypt, Gath, Hebron, Negeb, Shur Desert, Ziklag, Ziph
Topics
Added, David, Declared, Fled, Gath, Hearing, Longer, Saul, Searched, Seek, Sought
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 27:1-6

     5086   David, rise of

1 Samuel 27:1-12

     8830   suspicion

Library
Early Days
The life of David is naturally divided into epochs, of which we may avail ourselves for the more ready arrangement of our material. These are--his early years up to his escape from the court of Saul, his exile, the prosperous beginning of his reign, his sin and penitence, his flight before Absalom's rebellion, and the darkened end. We have but faint incidental traces of his life up to his anointing by Samuel, with which the narrative in the historical books opens. But perhaps the fact that the story
Alexander Maclaren—The Life of David

The Exile --Continued.
As our purpose in this volume is not a complete biography, it will not be necessary to dwell on the subsequent portions of the exile, inasmuch as there is little reference to these in the psalms. We must pass over even that exquisite episode of Abigail, whose graceful presence and "most subtle flow of silver-paced counsel" soothed David's ruffled spirit, and led him captive at once as in a silken leash. The glimpse of old-world ways in the story, the rough mirth of the shearers, the hint of the kind
Alexander Maclaren—The Life of David

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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