1 Samuel 20:9

"Never!" Jonathan replied. "If I ever found out that my father had evil intentions against you, would I not tell you?"

Study Bible

Never!
The Hebrew word here is "ḥālîlâ," which conveys a strong sense of prohibition or rejection. It is often used to express a moral or ethical impossibility. Jonathan's use of this word underscores his deep commitment to David and his moral integrity. In the context of ancient Israel, where loyalty to one's family was paramount, Jonathan's emphatic rejection of any harm coming to David highlights his understanding of divine justice and covenant loyalty, which transcends even familial bonds.

Jonathan replied
Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a pivotal figure in this narrative. His name in Hebrew, "Yehonatan," means "Yahweh has given," reflecting his role as a God-given friend and ally to David. Jonathan's reply is not just a response but a testament to his character. In a time when royal succession was often fraught with intrigue and betrayal, Jonathan's loyalty to David, the anointed future king, is a profound act of faith and courage. His actions exemplify the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor as oneself, even at great personal cost.

If I ever found out
This phrase indicates a conditional situation, emphasizing Jonathan's vigilance and proactive stance. The Hebrew root "yādaʿ" (to know) suggests a deep, intimate knowledge. Jonathan is not passively waiting for events to unfold; he is actively seeking to discern his father's intentions. This reflects the biblical theme of wisdom and discernment, where believers are called to be watchful and wise, understanding the times and acting accordingly.

my father
Saul, Jonathan's father, is the reigning king of Israel. The mention of "my father" highlights the tension between Jonathan's familial loyalty and his covenant with David. In the ancient Near Eastern context, allegiance to one's father and king was expected. However, Jonathan's relationship with David, rooted in a covenant before God, takes precedence. This illustrates the biblical teaching that our ultimate allegiance is to God and His purposes, even above earthly ties.

has evil intentions against you
The phrase "evil intentions" comes from the Hebrew "rā‘ah," meaning harm or wickedness. Jonathan is acutely aware of the potential for sin and malice in human hearts, including his father's. This awareness is crucial in the biblical narrative, where the battle between good and evil is a central theme. Jonathan's concern for David's safety reflects the biblical call to protect and care for one another, recognizing the reality of evil in the world.

would I not tell you?
This rhetorical question underscores Jonathan's commitment to transparency and truthfulness. The Hebrew construction implies certainty and assurance. Jonathan's promise to inform David of any danger is a powerful testament to his integrity and faithfulness. In the biblical context, this reflects the importance of truth and trust in relationships, especially those bound by covenant. Jonathan's willingness to communicate openly with David is an example of the biblical ideal of speaking the truth in love, fostering trust and unity among God's people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, perceiving him as a threat to his reign.

4. The Field
The setting for the secret meeting between Jonathan and David, where they discuss Saul's intentions and Jonathan's plan to protect David.

5. Covenant
The bond of friendship and loyalty between Jonathan and David, which is central to this chapter. Their covenant is a commitment to protect and support each other despite the political tensions.

Teaching Points

Loyalty in Friendship
Jonathan's unwavering loyalty to David, even in the face of his father's anger, teaches us the importance of standing by our friends, especially in times of adversity.

Courage to Do Right
Jonathan's courage to confront his father and protect David demonstrates the need for moral courage to do what is right, even when it is difficult or dangerous.

The Power of Covenants
The covenant between Jonathan and David shows the strength and commitment that can be found in godly relationships, encouraging us to honor our commitments to others.

Discernment and Wisdom
Jonathan's careful approach to understanding his father's intentions highlights the importance of discernment and seeking wisdom in complex situations.

God's Sovereignty
Despite Saul's intentions, God's plan for David's future kingship is not thwarted, reminding us of God's ultimate control over our lives and circumstances.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's response to David in 1 Samuel 20:9 reflect the qualities of a true friend, and how can we apply these qualities in our own friendships?

2. In what ways does Jonathan demonstrate courage in this passage, and how can we find the courage to stand up for what is right in our own lives?

3. How does the covenant between Jonathan and David inspire us to honor our commitments to others, and what are some practical ways we can do this?

4. What can we learn from Jonathan's discernment in dealing with his father's intentions, and how can we apply this wisdom in our decision-making processes?

5. How does the account of Jonathan and David encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem uncertain or threatening?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18
This chapter describes the beginning of Jonathan and David's friendship and the covenant they made, highlighting the depth of their bond.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is exemplified in Jonathan's actions towards David.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, a principle reflected in Jonathan's willingness to protect David at great personal risk.