1 Samuel 20:10

Then David asked Jonathan, "Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?"

Study Bible

Then David asked Jonathan
This phrase highlights the deep bond and trust between David and Jonathan. In the Hebrew text, the name "David" (דָּוִד) means "beloved," reflecting his favored status with God and people. Jonathan, whose name means "Yahweh has given," is a symbol of divine friendship and loyalty. Their relationship is a model of covenantal friendship, transcending familial and political tensions. This moment underscores the vulnerability and reliance David places on Jonathan, trusting him with his life.

Who will tell me
David's question reveals his anxiety and the precariousness of his situation. The Hebrew root for "tell" (נָגַד, nagad) implies making something known or declaring. David is seeking assurance and clarity in a time of uncertainty. This reflects a broader biblical theme of seeking truth and guidance, often through trusted relationships or divine intervention. It also highlights the importance of communication and the role of messengers in the ancient world.

if your father answers you harshly?
The phrase "answers you harshly" indicates the potential danger David faces from King Saul. The Hebrew word for "harshly" (קָשֶׁה, qasheh) can mean hard, severe, or cruel. This reflects Saul's growing hostility and irrational behavior towards David, driven by jealousy and fear. Historically, this tension is set against the backdrop of Saul's declining kingship and David's rising favor with God. The narrative illustrates the trials faced by those anointed by God and the testing of faith and loyalty amidst adversity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, and a man after God's own heart. At this point, he is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

3. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

4. The Field
The location where David and Jonathan meet to discuss Saul's intentions and devise a plan to communicate Saul's response.

5. The Covenant
The solemn agreement between David and Jonathan, which underscores their loyalty and commitment to each other despite the political tension.

Teaching Points

The Value of Godly Friendships
True friendships are rooted in mutual respect, loyalty, and shared faith. David and Jonathan's relationship exemplifies how godly friendships can provide support and encouragement during trials.

Courage in the Face of Adversity
Both David and Jonathan demonstrate courage. David, in seeking the truth about Saul's intentions, and Jonathan, in standing up to his father for the sake of righteousness.

The Importance of Communication
Open and honest communication is vital in relationships, especially when navigating difficult situations. David's question to Jonathan highlights the need for clarity and truth.

Trusting God's Sovereignty
Despite the uncertainty and danger, David trusts in God's plan for his life. This trust is a model for believers facing their own uncertainties.

The Role of Covenants
Covenants are serious commitments that reflect God's covenantal relationship with His people. The covenant between David and Jonathan is a reflection of God's faithfulness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between David and Jonathan challenge or inspire your own relationships? Consider Proverbs 17:17 in your response.

2. In what ways can you demonstrate courage in your own life when faced with adversity, as David and Jonathan did?

3. Reflect on a time when open communication helped resolve a difficult situation in your life. How can you apply this principle in your current relationships?

4. How does trusting in God's sovereignty help you navigate uncertain or dangerous situations? Relate this to Romans 8:28.

5. What are some modern-day examples of covenants, and how do they reflect the biblical understanding of commitment and faithfulness? Consider the covenant between God and His people as seen in Hebrews 8:10.

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the deep bond and covenant between David and Jonathan, highlighting the foundation of their friendship and loyalty.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is relevant to the relationship between David and Jonathan.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's willingness to risk his life for David.