1 Samuel 20:7

If he says, 'Good,' then your servant is safe, but if he is enraged, you will know he has evil intentions.

Study Bible

If he says, ‘Good,’
The Hebrew word for "good" here is "טוֹב" (tov), which often signifies something that is pleasing, beneficial, or agreeable. In the context of ancient Israel, the word "tov" was not just a casual affirmation but carried a weight of moral and ethical approval. Jonathan is seeking a sign of King Saul's disposition towards David. The use of "good" implies a hope for peace and reconciliation, reflecting the biblical principle that God desires harmony among His people.

then your servant is safe
The term "servant" in Hebrew is "עֶבֶד" (eved), which denotes a person in service or subjection. David refers to himself as Jonathan's servant, highlighting his humility and loyalty. This phrase underscores the biblical theme of servanthood as a position of honor and trust. The word "safe" suggests a state of security and well-being, which in the biblical narrative often implies divine protection. David's safety is contingent upon Saul's response, illustrating the precariousness of his situation and the need for God's providence.

but if he is angry
The Hebrew word for "angry" is "חָרָה" (charah), which conveys a burning or kindling of wrath. Anger in the biblical context is often associated with a loss of control and the potential for sin, as seen in God's warning to Cain in Genesis 4:6-7. Saul's anger would be a clear indication of his malevolent intentions towards David. This phrase serves as a reminder of the destructive power of unchecked anger and the importance of seeking God's peace.

you will know that he has evil intentions
The phrase "evil intentions" translates from the Hebrew "רָעָה" (ra'ah), meaning wickedness or harm. In the biblical worldview, evil is not just the absence of good but an active force that opposes God's will. Jonathan's discernment of Saul's intentions is crucial for David's survival. This highlights the biblical call for wisdom and discernment in the face of potential danger. The narrative encourages believers to trust in God's guidance to reveal the true nature of people's hearts.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently fleeing from King Saul's wrath.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David, who is caught between his loyalty to his father and his friendship with David.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

4. The New Moon Festival
A significant religious and cultural event in ancient Israel, during which David's absence from the king's table would be noticed.

5. The Field
The location where Jonathan and David meet to discuss Saul's intentions and plan their strategy for David's safety.

Teaching Points

Discernment in Relationships
Jonathan's plan to discern Saul's intentions teaches us the importance of seeking truth and clarity in our relationships, especially when faced with potential conflict.

Loyalty and Integrity
Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite the risk to himself, exemplifies the biblical call to be faithful and true to our commitments and friendships.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
David's reliance on Jonathan's plan reflects a deeper trust in God's sovereignty and protection, reminding us to seek God's guidance in times of uncertainty.

Courage in the Face of Danger
Both David and Jonathan demonstrate courage, with David trusting Jonathan's plan and Jonathan risking his father's wrath to protect his friend.

The Cost of Friendship
True friendship often requires sacrifice and selflessness, as seen in Jonathan's willingness to put David's safety above his own interests.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's plan to discern Saul's intentions reflect the importance of wisdom and discernment in our own decision-making processes?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate loyalty and integrity in our relationships, even when it may come at a personal cost?

3. How does David's trust in Jonathan's plan encourage us to rely on God's sovereignty and the support of godly friends during challenging times?

4. What can we learn from Jonathan's courage in standing up for what is right, and how can we apply this in situations where we face opposition or danger?

5. Reflect on a time when a friendship required you to make a sacrifice. How did that experience shape your understanding of biblical friendship and love?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between David and Jonathan, highlighting the deep bond and loyalty that underpins their actions in 1 Samuel 20.

Proverbs 27:6
This verse speaks to the value of faithful friends, which is exemplified in Jonathan's willingness to protect David even at personal risk.

Psalm 59
A psalm attributed to David during his time of fleeing from Saul, reflecting his trust in God's protection amidst danger.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus' teaching on loving enemies can be seen in Jonathan's actions, as he seeks to protect David while still honoring his father, Saul.