1 Samuel 20:40

Then Jonathan gave his equipment to the boy and said, "Go, take it back to the city."

Study Bible

Then Jonathan
The name "Jonathan" means "Yahweh has given" in Hebrew, reflecting his role as a divinely appointed friend and ally to David. Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a figure of loyalty and righteousness, embodying the virtues of friendship and covenant faithfulness. His actions throughout 1 Samuel demonstrate a commitment to God's will, even when it conflicts with his own familial ties.

gave his weapons
The act of giving his weapons is symbolic of Jonathan's trust and vulnerability. In ancient Israel, weapons were not only tools of war but also symbols of power and protection. By handing them over, Jonathan is showing his willingness to disarm himself for the sake of his covenant with David. This gesture underscores the depth of his loyalty and the seriousness of his commitment to David's safety and future.

to the boy
The "boy" here is likely a servant or a young attendant, a common practice in ancient times where young boys were often employed to assist warriors or noblemen. This detail highlights the hierarchical social structures of the time, where even in moments of personal significance, societal roles and duties were maintained.

and said, 'Go, carry them back to the city.'
Jonathan's instruction to "Go, carry them back to the city" is practical, yet it also signifies a transition. The city, likely Gibeah, represents a place of safety and normalcy, contrasting with the wilderness where David must flee. This command marks the end of a poignant encounter between Jonathan and David, emphasizing the necessity of returning to their respective roles and responsibilities despite the emotional weight of their parting.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. The Boy
A young servant of Jonathan, tasked with retrieving the arrows as part of a prearranged signal to communicate with David.

4. The City
Refers to Gibeah, the city where King Saul's court was located and where Jonathan and his family resided.

5. The Event
This passage is part of a larger account where Jonathan and David devise a plan to determine Saul's intentions towards David. Jonathan uses the shooting of arrows as a signal to communicate whether it is safe for David to return or if he must flee.

Teaching Points

Loyalty and Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and the value of true friendship. In a world where relationships can be transactional, Jonathan's selfless support for David is a model for Christian friendship.

Courage in Adversity
Jonathan's courage in standing up to his father, King Saul, for the sake of righteousness and justice, encourages believers to stand firm in their convictions, even when it is difficult.

God's Sovereignty
Despite the danger and uncertainty, God's plan for David's future kingship is unfolding. This reminds us that God is sovereign and His purposes will prevail, even when circumstances seem dire.

Communication and Trust
The careful planning and communication between Jonathan and David highlight the importance of clear communication and trust in relationships, especially in times of crisis.

Sacrificial Love
Jonathan's willingness to risk his own safety for David's well-being is a reflection of Christ-like love, calling believers to love others sacrificially.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's relationship with David challenge us to evaluate our own friendships? What qualities should we seek to cultivate in our relationships?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage and integrity in our own lives, especially when faced with difficult decisions or opposition?

3. How does the account of Jonathan and David encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty, even when His plans are not immediately clear?

4. What practical steps can we take to improve communication and build trust in our relationships, following the example of Jonathan and David?

5. How can we apply the principle of sacrificial love in our daily interactions with others, reflecting the love of Christ in our actions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18-19
These chapters provide context for the deep friendship between Jonathan and David and the growing animosity of Saul towards David.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the loyalty and steadfastness of a true friend, exemplified by Jonathan's actions towards David.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, a principle mirrored in Jonathan's willingness to protect David at great personal risk.