1 Samuel 20:39

But the boy did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement.

Study Bible

But the boy did not know anything
This phrase highlights the innocence and unawareness of the young servant involved in the narrative. In Hebrew, the word for "boy" is "נַעַר" (na'ar), which can refer to a young man or servant. This reflects the common practice in ancient Israel of using young servants for tasks, often without them being privy to the full context or significance of their actions. The boy's ignorance underscores the secretive nature of Jonathan and David's plan, emphasizing the need for discretion in their friendship and alliance. This also serves as a reminder of the innocence of youth and the importance of protecting them from the complexities and dangers of adult conflicts.

only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement
The exclusivity of knowledge between Jonathan and David is crucial in this narrative. The Hebrew word for "knew" is "יָדַע" (yada), which implies an intimate understanding or awareness. This reflects the deep bond and trust between Jonathan and David, as they alone are aware of the true nature of their covenant and the signals being exchanged. The "arrangement" refers to the prearranged signals involving the shooting of arrows, which were meant to communicate Saul's intentions towards David. This secretive communication highlights the perilous political environment and the need for wisdom and discernment. Historically, this moment is pivotal as it demonstrates the loyalty and faithfulness of Jonathan to David, even at the risk of his own standing with his father, King Saul. It is a testament to the strength of their covenant, which is rooted in mutual respect and a shared commitment to God's will. This phrase inspires believers to value and cultivate relationships that are grounded in trust, loyalty, and a shared purpose in serving God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is known for his loyalty and covenant with David, even at the risk of his own position and safety.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, he is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. The Boy
A young servant of Jonathan who is unaware of the true purpose of the events unfolding. He is used by Jonathan to communicate secretly with David.

4. The Field
The location where Jonathan and David meet to discuss their plans and where Jonathan uses the boy to signal David about Saul's intentions.

5. The Arrangement
A secret plan devised by Jonathan and David to determine Saul's intentions towards David. It involves Jonathan shooting arrows as a signal to David.

Teaching Points

The Value of True Friendship
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies the depth and loyalty of true friendship. In a world where relationships can often be superficial, their bond challenges us to seek and cultivate friendships that are rooted in love, loyalty, and mutual support.

Courage in the Face of Adversity
Jonathan's actions demonstrate courage and faithfulness, even when it means going against his own father, King Saul. This teaches us the importance of standing by our convictions and supporting what is right, even when it is difficult.

God's Sovereign Plans
Despite the danger and uncertainty, God's plan for David to become king is unfolding. This reminds us that God's purposes will prevail, and we can trust Him even when circumstances seem dire.

The Importance of Discretion
The use of the boy, who is unaware of the true situation, highlights the need for discretion and wisdom in handling sensitive matters. It teaches us to be wise and careful in our communications and actions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between Jonathan and David challenge your understanding of loyalty and commitment in your own relationships?

2. In what ways can you demonstrate courage and faithfulness in your life, especially when faced with difficult decisions?

3. How does the account of Jonathan and David encourage you to trust in God's sovereign plans, even when you cannot see the outcome?

4. What practical steps can you take to ensure discretion and wisdom in your communications, especially in sensitive situations?

5. How can the example of Jonathan and David's friendship inspire you to build deeper, more meaningful relationships within your community or church?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18
This chapter details the beginning of Jonathan and David's friendship and the covenant they make, which is foundational to the events in chapter 20.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the loyalty and steadfastness of true friendship, exemplified by Jonathan and David's relationship.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's willingness to risk his life for David.