1 Samuel 20:36

He said to the boy, "Run and find the arrows I shoot." And as the boy ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him.

Study Bible

He said to the boy
This phrase introduces us to the interaction between Jonathan and his servant boy. The Hebrew word for "boy" here is "נַעַר" (na'ar), which can refer to a young man or servant. In the context of ancient Israel, it was common for young men to serve in various capacities, often learning from their masters. Jonathan's choice to involve the boy in this task reflects a level of trust and the boy's role in the unfolding events.

Run and find the arrows
The command to "run" (Hebrew: "רוּץ" - ruts) indicates urgency and immediacy. This is not a casual request but a directive filled with purpose. The act of finding the arrows is part of a prearranged signal between Jonathan and David, highlighting the importance of communication and trust in their friendship. The arrows themselves symbolize the message of safety or danger, a clever use of everyday objects to convey deeper meanings.

I shoot
The act of shooting arrows (Hebrew: "יָרָה" - yarah) is not merely a physical action but a symbolic gesture. In the ancient Near East, archery was a skill associated with warfare and hunting, but here it serves a peaceful purpose. Jonathan's shooting of the arrows is a covert means of communication, demonstrating wisdom and discretion in a time of political tension.

As the boy ran
The boy's obedience and quick response are crucial to the success of Jonathan's plan. His running (Hebrew: "רוּץ" - ruts) again emphasizes the urgency of the situation. This action reflects the boy's role as a faithful servant, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, where servanthood is often portrayed as a virtue.

he shot an arrow beyond him
The phrase "beyond him" (Hebrew: "לְעֵבֶר" - le'ever) is significant in the context of the signal to David. The arrow going beyond the boy indicates that David must flee, as it was a prearranged sign of danger. This moment is pivotal in the narrative, as it confirms Saul's intent to harm David and solidifies the bond between Jonathan and David. The use of such a simple act to convey a profound message underscores the ingenuity and depth of their friendship.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is a key figure in this chapter, demonstrating loyalty and friendship.

2. David
The future king of Israel, who is in hiding due to King Saul's jealousy and intent to kill him. David's life is at risk, and he relies on Jonathan for information about Saul's intentions.

3. The Boy
A servant of Jonathan, who is unaware of the true purpose behind retrieving the arrows. He plays a role in the secret communication between Jonathan and David.

4. The Field
The location where Jonathan and David had arranged to communicate secretly. It serves as a neutral ground away from Saul's court.

5. The Arrows
Used as a signal to communicate Saul's intentions to David. The shooting of the arrows is a prearranged sign between Jonathan and David.

Teaching Points

Loyalty in Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and faithfulness in friendships, even when it requires personal sacrifice.

Courage in Adversity
Both Jonathan and David show courage in the face of danger. Jonathan risks his relationship with his father, Saul, while David trusts in Jonathan's loyalty.

God's Sovereignty and Protection
Despite the danger, God's hand is evident in protecting David through Jonathan's actions. This reminds us of God's sovereignty and His ability to use others for our protection.

Communication and Trust
The use of the arrows as a signal highlights the importance of clear communication and trust in relationships, especially in times of crisis.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us in our own friendships today?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage like Jonathan and David when faced with difficult situations?

3. How does the account of Jonathan and David encourage us to trust in God's protection and sovereignty in our lives?

4. What are some practical ways we can ensure clear and trustworthy communication in our relationships?

5. How can the covenant between Jonathan and David inspire us to form deeper, more meaningful relationships with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between Jonathan and David, highlighting the deep bond and loyalty that underpins the events of 1 Samuel 20.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is exemplified by Jonathan's actions in protecting David.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being laying down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's willingness to risk his own safety for David.