1 Samuel 19:10

Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear. But the spear struck the wall and David eluded him, ran away, and escaped that night.

Study Bible

So Saul tried to pin David to the wall with his spear
The phrase "tried to pin" indicates Saul's intent to harm David, reflecting a heart consumed by jealousy and rage. The Hebrew root for "pin" (נכה, nakah) often implies a violent strike or blow, underscoring Saul's aggressive intent. Historically, Saul's repeated attempts on David's life highlight the spiritual and moral decline of a king once chosen by God. The "spear" symbolizes Saul's authority and power, which he misuses in his attempt to kill David, God's anointed. This act of aggression is a stark contrast to the divine protection surrounding David, illustrating the theme of God's sovereignty over human intentions.

but David eluded him
The word "eluded" suggests a divine intervention and protection over David. In Hebrew, the root word (מלט, malat) can mean to escape or deliver, often used in contexts where God provides a way out of danger. David's ability to evade Saul's attack is not merely a testament to his agility but also to God's providential care. This moment foreshadows David's future as a king who, despite facing numerous adversities, remains under God's protection and guidance.

and Saul drove the spear into the wall
The imagery of the "spear into the wall" serves as a powerful metaphor for Saul's futile efforts against God's plan. The wall, a symbol of stability and permanence, contrasts with Saul's unstable and destructive behavior. This act of violence against an inanimate object further illustrates Saul's irrationality and the self-destructive nature of sin. It also serves as a physical manifestation of Saul's inner turmoil and separation from God's will.

That night David fled and escaped
The phrase "fled and escaped" emphasizes David's immediate response to the threat on his life. The Hebrew word for "fled" (ברח, barach) conveys urgency and necessity, highlighting David's wisdom in recognizing the danger and acting swiftly. This escape marks a pivotal moment in David's life, as he transitions from serving in Saul's court to becoming a fugitive. It is a testament to God's faithfulness in delivering His chosen ones from peril, setting the stage for David's eventual rise to kingship. The narrative encourages believers to trust in God's timing and protection, even in the face of overwhelming adversity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who becomes increasingly jealous and hostile towards David.

2. David
The young shepherd anointed by God to be the future king of Israel, known for his faithfulness and courage.

3. Spear
A weapon used by Saul in his attempt to kill David, symbolizing Saul's growing animosity and irrational behavior.

4. Wall
The physical barrier in Saul's palace where the spear was lodged, representing the danger David faced.

5. Escape
David's successful evasion of Saul's attack, highlighting God's protection over him.

Teaching Points

God's Protection
Despite human intentions to harm, God's plans for His anointed will prevail. David's escape is a testament to divine protection.

Responding to Hostility
David's response to Saul's aggression was not retaliation but trust in God. Believers are called to respond to hostility with faith and patience.

The Dangers of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy led to irrational behavior and attempts to harm an innocent man. Jealousy can consume and destroy relationships if not checked.

Faith in Action
David's actions demonstrate faith in God's promises. Even in danger, he acted wisely and trusted in God's timing for his future.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's response to Saul's aggression reflect his faith in God, and how can we apply this in our own lives when facing hostility?

2. What does Saul's repeated attempts to harm David teach us about the destructive nature of jealousy and how can we guard against it?

3. In what ways does this passage demonstrate God's sovereignty and protection over His chosen ones?

4. How can we apply the principle of leaving vengeance to God in our daily interactions, especially when wronged by others?

5. Reflect on a time when you faced a difficult situation. How can David's example of faith and trust in God encourage you in similar circumstances?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:10-11
Earlier attempts by Saul to harm David, showing a pattern of Saul's jealousy and aggression.

Psalm 59
A psalm attributed to David during this time, expressing his trust in God's deliverance from his enemies.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus' teaching on loving and praying for one's enemies, which can be seen in David's later interactions with Saul.

Romans 12:19
Paul's instruction on leaving vengeance to God, reflecting David's refusal to harm Saul despite having opportunities.