1 Chronicles 4:3

These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi.

Study Bible

These were the sons of Etam
The phrase introduces a genealogical record, a common feature in the Chronicles, emphasizing the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite culture. "Etam" is a name that appears in various contexts in the Bible, possibly referring to a place or a person. In Hebrew, "Etam" means "lair of wild beasts," suggesting a place of strength or refuge. This introduction sets the stage for understanding the familial connections and the significance of these individuals in the broader narrative of Israel's history.

Jezreel
The name "Jezreel" in Hebrew means "God sows" or "May God give seed." This name reflects a deep reliance on God's providence and blessing, particularly in agricultural societies where sowing and reaping were central to survival and prosperity. The name may also carry prophetic undertones, as Jezreel is a significant location in Israel's history, associated with both judgment and restoration.

Ishma
"Ishma" means "he will hear" in Hebrew, derived from the root "shama," which means "to hear" or "to listen." This name signifies the hope and belief that God hears the cries and prayers of His people. It reflects a personal relationship with God, where communication and divine response are central themes. The name Ishma serves as a reminder of God's attentiveness to His covenant people.

and Idbash
The name "Idbash" is less common and its meaning is not as clear, but it may be related to the Hebrew root "d-b-sh," which means "to flow" or "to ooze," often associated with honey. This could symbolize sweetness or abundance, suggesting a life characterized by God's provision and blessing. The inclusion of Idbash in the genealogy underscores the diversity and richness of Israel's heritage.

And their sister was named Hazzelelponi
The mention of a sister, "Hazzelelponi," is notable in a patriarchal society where genealogies typically focus on male descendants. Her name, which can be translated as "the shadow turns to me" or "the shade faces me," suggests protection and favor. It highlights the value and significance of women in the biblical narrative, acknowledging their roles and contributions within the family and community. Hazzelelponi's inclusion in the genealogy serves as a testament to the comprehensive nature of God's family, where each member, regardless of gender, holds a place of honor and purpose.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Etam
A location or possibly a person, Etam is mentioned as the progenitor of the sons listed in this verse. It is also a place associated with the tribe of Judah.

2. Jezreel
One of the sons of Etam. The name means "God sows," which may indicate a divine blessing or purpose.

3. Ishma
Another son of Etam. His name means "He will hear," suggesting a connection to prayer or divine attention.

4. Idbash
The third son of Etam. The meaning of his name is less clear but may relate to "honey" or "sweetness."

5. Hazzelelponi
The sister of the sons of Etam. Her name means "the shadow turns to me," which could imply protection or divine favor.

Teaching Points

Significance of Names
In biblical times, names often carried deep meanings and were reflective of character or divine purpose. Consider the importance of what we name or label in our lives and how it reflects our values and beliefs.

Role of Women in Genealogies
Hazzelelponi is mentioned by name, which is significant in a patriarchal context. This highlights the importance of women in God's plan and encourages us to recognize and honor the contributions of women in our faith communities.

Divine Purpose in Lineage
The genealogies in Chronicles remind us that God works through families and generations. Reflect on how God might be working through your family history and how you can contribute to His purposes.

Historical Context and Faith
Understanding the historical and cultural context of biblical passages can deepen our faith and appreciation for God's work throughout history. Engage with the historical background of your faith to enrich your spiritual journey.

Bible Study Questions

1. What significance do the names of Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash have in the context of their family and in the broader account of Scripture?

2. How does the mention of Hazzelelponi challenge or affirm your understanding of the role of women in biblical genealogies?

3. In what ways can understanding your own family history and lineage impact your faith and spiritual journey?

4. How can the historical context of Etam and its mention in other parts of the Bible enhance your understanding of this passage?

5. Reflect on a time when a name or label in your life carried significant meaning. How did it shape your identity or actions, and how does this relate to the biblical understanding of names?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Chronicles 2:50-54
This passage provides additional genealogical context for the descendants of Judah, including the mention of Etam as a location.

Judges 15:8
Etam is mentioned as a place where Samson took refuge, indicating its significance in the tribal history of Judah.

Genesis 29:32-35
The names of the sons of Etam can be compared to the names of the sons of Jacob, where names often reflect divine intervention or characteristics.