Lexical Summary kerannumi: To mix, mingle, or blend. Original Word: κεράννυμι Strong's Exhaustive Concordance mix, mingleProlonged form of a more primary kerao ker-ah'-o (which is used in certain tenses); to mingle, i.e. (by implication) to pour out (for drinking) -- fill, pour out. Compare mignumi. see GREEK mignumi NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom a prim. word keraó (to mix) Definition to mix NASB Translation mix (1), mixed (2). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2767: κεράννυμικεράννυμι (κεραννύω): 1 aorist ἐκέρασα; perfect passive κεκέρασμαι (for the more common κέκραμαι, cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 582; Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Sprchl. ii., p. 214; Krüger, § 40, under the word, i., p. 175; (Veitch, under the word)); (from Homer down); 1. to mix, mingle. 2. to mix wine and water. 3. to pour out for drinking: τίνι τί, Revelation 18:6 (R. V. mingle); passive, Revelation 14:10; (so Bel and the Dragon, 11; Anthol. 11, 137, 12). (Compare: συγκεράννυμι.) Strong’s Greek 2767 describes the deliberate act of “mixing” or “preparing” a drink. In Scripture it is used figuratively of the Lord’s judicial action in readying a cup of wrath for His enemies. By choosing a verb derived from everyday hospitality—blending wine for guests—John underscores how carefully, even ceremonially, God measures out retribution. Occurrences in the New Testament 1. Revelation 14:10 – “He too will drink of the wine of God’s anger, poured undiluted into the cup of His wrath…”. All three uses appear in highly judicial contexts, exclusively in Revelation, and always in the aorist (completed) or imperative (command) forms, highlighting the certainty and finality of divine judgment. Ancient Cultural Background • In the Greco-Roman world wine was ordinarily diluted with water; to give a guest undiluted wine signaled either special honor or, conversely, malicious intent. Old Testament Roots Psalm 75:8 “For a cup is in the hand of the LORD, full of foaming wine, well mixed; He pours out from it, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down to the dregs.” Jeremiah 25:15-17 portrays a cup of staggering that nations must drink. Revelation therefore stands in continuity with earlier prophetic warnings: judgment is no impulsive outburst but a prepared, measured response to persistent rebellion. Theological Significance 1. Perfect Justice – Mixing implies precision. God’s recompense matches the deeds of Babylon (Revelation 18:6) and of every unrepentant worshiper of the beast (Revelation 14:9-10). Eschatological Context in Revelation • Revelation 14 sets the stage: before bowls and trumpets conclude, a universal announcement warns humanity of unavoidable punishment should they side with the beast. Ministry Implications • Evangelism – The undiluted cup magnifies the urgency of the gospel. People must flee to the only One who already drank wrath on behalf of sinners (Mark 14:36). Related Passages for Study Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17-23; Jeremiah 25:15-29; Matthew 26:39; Romans 2:5; Revelation 15:7. Summary Strong’s Greek 2767 pictures God as the divine host who meticulously prepares a cup—no longer of fellowship but of inflexible judgment. Revelation employs the verb three times to emphasize that the wrath awaiting Babylon and all who worship the beast is calculated, deserved, and certain. For the church this truth intensifies gratitude for the cross, stiffens resolve against compromise, and propels the mission of proclaiming salvation while the cup of mercy is still offered. Englishman's Concordance Revelation 14:10 V-RPM/P-GMSGRK: θεοῦ τοῦ κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου ἐν NAS: of God, which is mixed in full strength KJV: which is poured out without mixture INT: of God which is mixed undiluted in Revelation 18:6 V-AIA-3S Revelation 18:6 V-AMA-2P Strong's Greek 2767 |