2767. kerannumi

Lexical Summary

kerannumi: To mix, mingle, or blend.

Original Word: κεράννυμι
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: kerannumi
Pronunciation: keh-RAN-noo-mee
Phonetic Spelling: (ker-an'-noo-mee)
KJV: fill, pour out
NASB: mixed, mix
Word Origin: [prolonged form of a more primary kerao ker-ah'-o (which is used in certain tenses)]

1. to mingle
2. (by implication) to pour out (for drinking)

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

mix, mingle

Prolonged form of a more primary kerao ker-ah'-o (which is used in certain tenses); to mingle, i.e. (by implication) to pour out (for drinking) -- fill, pour out. Compare mignumi.

see GREEK mignumi

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from a prim. word keraó (to mix)
Definition
to mix
NASB Translation
mix (1), mixed (2).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 2767: κεράννυμι

κεράννυμι (κεραννύω): 1 aorist ἐκέρασα; perfect passive κεκέρασμαι (for the more common κέκραμαι, cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 582; Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Sprchl. ii., p. 214; Krüger, § 40, under the word, i., p. 175; (Veitch, under the word)); (from Homer down);

1. to mix, mingle.

2. to mix wine and water.

3. to pour out for drinking: τίνι τί, Revelation 18:6 (R. V. mingle); passive, Revelation 14:10; (so Bel and the Dragon, 11; Anthol. 11, 137, 12). (Compare: συγκεράννυμι.) [SYNONYMS: κεράννυμι, μίγνυμι: in strict usage κεράννυμι denotes such a mixing as combines the ingredients into a new compound, chemical mixture; μίγνυμι such a mixing as merely blends or intermingles them promiscuously, mechanical mixture.]

Topical Lexicon

Definition and Overview

Strong’s Greek 2767 describes the deliberate act of “mixing” or “preparing” a drink. In Scripture it is used figuratively of the Lord’s judicial action in readying a cup of wrath for His enemies. By choosing a verb derived from everyday hospitality—blending wine for guests—John underscores how carefully, even ceremonially, God measures out retribution.

Occurrences in the New Testament

1. Revelation 14:10 – “He too will drink of the wine of God’s anger, poured undiluted into the cup of His wrath…”.
2. Revelation 18:6 – “Give back to her as she has done to others; pay her back double for what she has done; mix her a double portion in her own cup.” (twice in the verse).

All three uses appear in highly judicial contexts, exclusively in Revelation, and always in the aorist (completed) or imperative (command) forms, highlighting the certainty and finality of divine judgment.

Ancient Cultural Background

• In the Greco-Roman world wine was ordinarily diluted with water; to give a guest undiluted wine signaled either special honor or, conversely, malicious intent.
• The large mixing bowl (krater) stood at the center of a banquet, symbolizing fellowship. John draws on this cultural image but reverses the expectation: God prepares an undiluted draught not of joy but of wrath.
• Jewish tradition also spoke of a cup prepared by the Lord (Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17), so the imagery would have resonated with both Gentile and Jewish believers.

Old Testament Roots

Psalm 75:8 “For a cup is in the hand of the LORD, full of foaming wine, well mixed; He pours out from it, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down to the dregs.”

Jeremiah 25:15-17 portrays a cup of staggering that nations must drink. Revelation therefore stands in continuity with earlier prophetic warnings: judgment is no impulsive outburst but a prepared, measured response to persistent rebellion.

Theological Significance

1. Perfect Justice – Mixing implies precision. God’s recompense matches the deeds of Babylon (Revelation 18:6) and of every unrepentant worshiper of the beast (Revelation 14:9-10).
2. Undiluted Wrath – The absence of water stresses that mercy’s day has expired for the recipients. The same God who now prepares wrath once offered living water (John 4:10); rejection of grace leaves only judgment.
3. Double Portion – Babylon receives “double,” an echo of Old Testament legal reciprocation (Exodus 22:4). Far from excessive, the penalty displays covenant faithfulness; God keeps His word both in blessing and in curse.

Eschatological Context in Revelation

• Revelation 14 sets the stage: before bowls and trumpets conclude, a universal announcement warns humanity of unavoidable punishment should they side with the beast.
• Revelation 18 presents the execution phase. The call to “mix…a double portion” is addressed to heavenly agents, showing that judgment proceeds from the throne, not from human vengeance.
• Together the passages frame the collapse of the world’s final anti-God system and vindicate the martyrs whose blood Babylon shed.

Ministry Implications

• Evangelism – The undiluted cup magnifies the urgency of the gospel. People must flee to the only One who already drank wrath on behalf of sinners (Mark 14:36).
• Pastoral Warning – Churches must resist accommodation to a Babylonian culture of immorality and idolatry. “Come out of her, My people” (Revelation 18:4) remains a standing command.
• Worship – Awareness of God’s measured justice fuels reverent praise for redemption (Revelation 19:1-3). The same wrath that dooms the wicked secures final deliverance for the saints.
• Discipleship – Believers grow in holiness by recalling that sin inevitably triggers divine response. The mixing imagery assures us that the Judge weighs every thought and deed.

Related Passages for Study

Psalm 75:8; Isaiah 51:17-23; Jeremiah 25:15-29; Matthew 26:39; Romans 2:5; Revelation 15:7.

Summary

Strong’s Greek 2767 pictures God as the divine host who meticulously prepares a cup—no longer of fellowship but of inflexible judgment. Revelation employs the verb three times to emphasize that the wrath awaiting Babylon and all who worship the beast is calculated, deserved, and certain. For the church this truth intensifies gratitude for the cross, stiffens resolve against compromise, and propels the mission of proclaiming salvation while the cup of mercy is still offered.

Forms and Transliterations

εκέρασα εκέρασε εκερασεν εκέρασεν ἐκέρασεν κεκερασμενου κεκερασμένου κεραννύντες κερασατε κεράσατε ekerasen ekérasen kekerasmenou kekerasménou kerasate kerásate

Englishman's Concordance

Revelation 14:10 V-RPM/P-GMS
GRK: θεοῦ τοῦ κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου ἐν
NAS: of God, which is mixed in full strength
KJV: which is poured out without mixture
INT: of God which is mixed undiluted in

Revelation 18:6 V-AIA-3S
GRK: ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ
NAS: which she has mixed, mix
KJV: which she hath filled fill
INT: cup which she mixed mix you to her

Revelation 18:6 V-AMA-2P
GRK: ᾧ ἐκέρασεν κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν
NAS: she has mixed, mix twice as much
KJV: she hath filled fill to her
INT: which she mixed mix you to her double

Strong's Greek 2767
3 Occurrences

ἐκέρασεν — 1 Occ.
κεκερασμένου — 1 Occ.
κεράσατε — 1 Occ.