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In the Last Chapter we Confined Ourself to the Old Testament, in ...
... we have seen, the term "mystery" has two significations in its New Testament usage,
and ... this, the name given to the Woman is a dual one " "Babylon the great ...
//christianbookshelf.org/pink/the antichrist/in the last chapter we.htm
Inseparable Connection Between the Old and the New Testament.
... in the days of Pharaoh, nor in Nineveh, or Babylon, or Greece ... attempt to dissever
the revelations of the Old Testament from those of the New appears most ...
/.../barrows/companion to the bible/chapter viii inseparable connection between.htm
The Earlier New Testament Writings.
... the teaching of our Lord more strongly than by any other portion of the New Testament. ...
in one of the concluding verses: "She that is in Babylon, elect together ...
/.../gladden/who wrote the bible/chapter viii the earlier new.htm
Remaining Books of the Old Testament.
... be fulfilled," Luke 21:24, marks both the Old Testament and the New as given ... the
predictions of the utter and perpetual desolation of Babylon, uttered ages ...
/.../barrows/companion to the bible/chapter xi remaining books of.htm
New Testament History and Prophecy.
... one of the books of the New Testament without carefully ... seven hills whose mystic
name is Babylon) will all ... then to the purified earth the New Jerusalem shall ...
/.../gladden/who wrote the bible/chapter x new testament history.htm
Faustus Denies that the Prophets Predicted Christ. Augustin Proves ...
... from Abraham to David; the fourth, from David to the captivity in Babylon; the fifth ...
the Church His holy bride, that in the peace of the New Testament they two ...
/.../faustus denies that the prophets.htm
List of Authorities
... Auerbach: Berith Abraham. Bacher: Die Agada der Babylon. Amoräer. ... Creizenach: Shulcan
Aruch. Cremer: New Testament Dictionary. Cureton: Syriac Gospels. ...
/.../edersheim/the life and times of jesus the messiah/list of authorities.htm
The Christian View of the Old Testament
... Authorship, of Pentateuch, 88 f.; other books, 89 f. Babylon, fall of, 141. ... New
Testament, superiority, 229 f., 254 f.; estimate of OT, 10 f. ...
/.../eiselen/the christian view of the old testament/index 2.htm
Appendix. The Apocryphal Books of the Old Testament.
... it makes Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned in Babylon long before ... remaining in herself
[unchanged] she makes all things new. ... the basis of the Old Testament he holds ...
/.../barrows/companion to the bible/appendix the apocryphal books of.htm
The Catholic Epistles.
... It is probably the oldest of the New Testament books, meagre in doctrine, but rich ...
The First Epistle of Peter, dated from Babylon, [1125] belongs to the later ...
/.../history of the christian church volume i/section 87 the catholic epistles.htm
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Babylon in the New TestamentBABYLON IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
Babylon Babulon, is used in New Testament in at least two different senses:
1. Mesopotamian Babylon:
In Matthew 1:11, 12, 17 Acts 7:43 the old Mesop city is plainly meant. These all refer to the captivity in Babylon and do not demand any further discussion.
2. Symbolic Sense:
All the references to Babylon in Re are evidently symbolic. Some of the most important passages are Revelation 14:8; Revelation 16:19; Revelation 17:5; Revelation 18:2, 10, 21. In Revelation 17:5 Babylon is designated as musterion. This undoubtedly in dicates that the name is to be under stood figuratively. A few interpreters have believed that Jerusalem was the city that was designated as Babylon, but most scholars hold that Rome was the city that was meant. That interpretation goes back at least to the time of Tertullian (Adv. Marc., iii. 13). This interpretation was adopted by Jerome and Augustine and has been commonly accepted by the church. There are some striking facts which point to Rome as the city that is designated as Babylon.
(1) The characteristics ascribed to this Babylon apply to Rome rather than to any other city of that age:
(a) as ruling over the kings of the earth (Revelation 17:18);
(b) as sitting on seven mountains (Revelation 17:9);
(c) as the center of the world's merchandise (Revelation 18:3, 11-13);
(d) as the corrupter of the nations (Revelation 17:2; Revelation 18:3; Revelation 19:2);
(e) as the persecutor of the saints (Revelation 17:6).
(2) Rome is designated as Babylon in the Sibylline Oracles (5 143), and this is perhaps an early Jewish portion of the book. The comparison of Rome to Babylon is common in Jewish apocalyptic literature (see 2 Esdras and the Apocrypha Baruch).
(3) Rome was regarded by both Jews and Christians as being antagonistic to the kingdom of God, and its downfall was confidently expected, This conception is in accord with the predicted downfall of Babylon (Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:2, 10-21). As Babylon had been the oppressor of Israel, it was natural that this new power, which was oppressing the people of God, should be designated as Babylon.
3. In 1 Peter:
In 1 Peter 5:13 Babylon is designated as the place from which 1Pe was written. Down to the time of the Reformation this was generally under stood to mean Rome, and two cursives added "en Roma." Since the Reformation, many scholars have followed Erasmus and Calvin and have urged that the Mesopotamian Babylon is meant. Three theories should be noted:
(1) That the Egyptian Babylon, or Old Cairo; is meant. Strabo (XVII, 807) who wrote as late as 18 A.D., says the Egyptian Babylon was a strong fortress founded by certain refugees from the Mesop Babylon. But during the 1st century this was not much more than a military station, and it is quite improbable that Peter would have gone there. There is no tradition that connects Peter' in any way with Egypt.
(2) That the statement is to be taken literally and that the Mesop Babylon is meant. Many good scholars hold to this view, and among these are Weiss and Thayer, but there is no evidence that Peter was ever in Babylon, or that there was even a church there during the 1st century. Mark and Silvanus are associated with Peter in the letter and there is no tradition that connects either of them with Babylon. According to Josephus (Antiquities, XVIII, ix, 5-9), the Jews at this time had largely been driven out of Babylon and were confined to neighboring towns, and it seems improbable that Peter would have made that his missionary field.
(3) That Rome was the city that was designated as Babylon. The Apocalypse would indicate that the churches would understand the symbolic reference, and it seems to have been so understood until the time of the Reformation. The denial of this position was in line with the effort to refute Peter's supposed connection with the Roman church. Ancient tradition, however, makes it seem quite probable that Peter did make a visit to Rome (see Lightfoot, Clement, II, 493).
Internal evidence helps to substantiate theory that Rome was the place from which the letter was written. Mark sends greetings (1 Peter 5:13), and we know he had been summoned to Rome by the apostle Paul (2 Timothy 4:11). The whole passage, "She that is in Babylon, elect together with you, saluteth you," seems to be figurative, and that being true, it is natural that Babylon should have been used instead of Rome. The character of the letter as a whole would point to Rome as the place of writing. Ramsay thinks this book is impregnated with Roman thought beyond any other book in the Bible (see The Church in the Roman Empire, 286).
A. W. Fortune
Subtopics
Babylon
Babylon in the New Testament
Babylon in the Old Testament
Babylon was Called: Desert of the Sea
Babylon was Called: Lady of Kingdoms
Babylon was Called: Land of Merathaim
Babylon was Called: Land of Shinar
Babylon was Called: Land of the Chaldeans
Babylon was Called: Sheshach
Babylon with Media and Persia Divided by Darius 120 Provinces
Babylon: A Type of Antichrist
Babylon: Ambassadors of, Sent to Hezekiah
Babylon: Armies of, Described
Babylon: As a Power Was: An Instrument of God's Vengeance on Other Nations
Babylon: As a Power Was: Arrogant
Babylon: As a Power Was: Covetous
Babylon: As a Power Was: Cruel and Destructive
Babylon: As a Power Was: Grand and Stately
Babylon: As a Power Was: Oppressive
Babylon: As a Power Was: Secure and Self-Confident
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Called Babylon the Great
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Called Beauty of Chaldees
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Called the City of Merchants
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Called the Glory of Kingdoms
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Called the Golden City
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Enlarged by Nebuchadnezzar
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Its Antiquity
Babylon: Babylon the Capital of Surrounded With a Great Wall and Fortified
Babylon: Babylon the Chief Province of
Babylon: City of Built by Nimrod
Babylon: City of Capital of the Kingdom of Babylon
Babylon: City of Gates of
Babylon: City of in the Land of Shinar
Babylon: City of Peter Writes From
Babylon: City of Prophecies Concerning
Babylon: City of Splendor of
Babylon: City of Tower of
Babylon: City of Walled
Babylon: Composed of Many Nations
Babylon: Destroyed by the Medes
Babylon: Empire of a Limited Monarchy
Babylon: Empire of Armies of, Invade Ancient Canaan
Babylon: Empire of At the Time of Ahasuerus
Babylon: Empire of Called Land of Shinar
Babylon: Empire of Colonists From, Sent to Samaria
Babylon: Empire of Conquest of Egypt By
Babylon: Empire of Divisions of
Babylon: Empire of Extent of, at the Time of Nebuchadnezzar
Babylon: Empire of Founded by Nimrod
Babylon: Empire of Jews Carried To
Babylon: Empire of Judah
Babylon: Empire of Merathaim
Babylon: Empire of Prophecies of Conquests By
Babylon: Empire of Prophetic Denunciations Against
Babylon: Empire of Samaria
Babylon: Empire of Sheshach
Babylon: Empire of Tyrannical
Babylon: Figurative
Babylon: Formerly a Part of Mesopotamia
Babylon: Founded by the Assyrians, and a Part of Their Empire
Babylon: Governed by Kings
Babylon: Grief of the Jews In
Babylon: Inhabitants of Addicted to Magic
Babylon: Inhabitants of Idolatrous
Babylon: Inhabitants of Profane and Sacrilegious
Babylon: Inhabitants of Wicked
Babylon: Languages Spoken In
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Besieged and Took Jerusalem
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Besieged Jerusalem
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Burned Jerusalem
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Made Jehoiakim Tributary
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Made Zedekiah King
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Rebelled Against by Zedekiah
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Spoiled and Burned the Temple
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Spoiled the Temple
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Took Jehoiachin Captive to Babylon
Babylon: Nebuchadnezzar King of Took Zedekiah Captive to Babylon
Babylon: Origin of
Babylon: Origin of the Name
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Captivity of the Jews By
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Conquests By
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Destruction of
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Perpetual Desolation of
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Preaching of the Gospel In
Babylon: Predictions Respecting: Restoration of the Jews From
Babylon: Presidents Placed Over
Babylon: Remarkable For: Antiquity
Babylon: Remarkable For: Commerce
Babylon: Remarkable For: Manufacture of Garments
Babylon: Remarkable For: Military Power
Babylon: Remarkable For: National Greatness
Babylon: Remarkable For: Naval Power
Babylon: Remarkable For: Wealth
Babylon: Remarkable For: Wisdom of Senators
Babylon: Represented by a Great Eagle
Babylon: Represented by a Head of Gold
Babylon: Represented by a Lion With Eagle's Wings
Babylon: Restoration of the Jews From
Babylon: Revolt of the Jews From, and Their Punishment Illustrated
Babylon: Situated Beyond the Euphrates
Babylon: The Gospel Preached In
Babylon: The Jews Exhorted to be Subject To, and Settle In
Babylon: Treatment of the Jews In
Babylon: Watered by the Rivers Euphrates and Tigris
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