Revelation 21:23
And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp.
The city
In Revelation 21:23, "the city" refers to the New Jerusalem, a central theme in the concluding chapters of Revelation. This city is not just a physical place but represents the culmination of God's redemptive plan, where His presence dwells fully with His people. Historically, Jerusalem was the center of Jewish worship and the location of the Temple, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The New Jerusalem, however, transcends the earthly city, embodying the ultimate fulfillment of God's promise to dwell with humanity eternally.

has no need
The phrase "has no need" emphasizes the sufficiency and completeness of God's provision in the New Jerusalem. In the earthly realm, cities rely on various resources for survival and prosperity. However, the New Jerusalem is depicted as lacking nothing, highlighting the perfection and self-sustaining nature of God's eternal kingdom. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sufficiency, where He provides all that is necessary for life and godliness (2 Peter 1:3).

of sun or moon
The mention of "sun or moon" draws attention to the natural sources of light that govern day and night on earth. In the New Jerusalem, these celestial bodies are rendered unnecessary, signifying a radical transformation of the created order. This imagery echoes Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 60:19-20, where the Lord Himself becomes the everlasting light for His people. It underscores the idea that God's presence will illuminate and sustain the city, rendering all other sources of light obsolete.

to shine on it
The phrase "to shine on it" suggests the function of the sun and moon in providing light and guidance. In the New Jerusalem, this function is fulfilled by God's glory, which surpasses any created light. The Greek word for "shine" (φαίνω, phainō) implies a manifestation or revelation, indicating that God's presence will be fully revealed and experienced by the inhabitants of the city. This reflects the biblical theme of God's light as a source of truth, guidance, and life (John 1:4-5).

for the glory of God
"Glory" in this context refers to the visible manifestation of God's divine presence and majesty. The Greek word for glory (δόξα, doxa) encompasses honor, splendor, and radiance. In the New Jerusalem, God's glory is not just an abstract concept but a tangible reality that illuminates the entire city. This highlights the centrality of God's presence in the eternal state, where His glory is the source of all light and life, fulfilling the ultimate purpose of creation to glorify God.

illuminates it
The term "illuminates" conveys the idea of bringing light and clarity. In the New Jerusalem, God's glory provides illumination, dispelling darkness and revealing truth. This imagery is consistent with the biblical portrayal of God as light (1 John 1:5) and Jesus as the light of the world (John 8:12). The illumination of the city by God's glory signifies the complete eradication of sin, ignorance, and separation from God, resulting in perfect fellowship and understanding.

and the Lamb
The inclusion of "the Lamb" alongside God's glory emphasizes the central role of Jesus Christ in the New Jerusalem. The Lamb, a title for Christ, signifies His sacrificial death and victory over sin and death. In Revelation, the Lamb is both the redeemer and the ruler, highlighting the unity of God's redemptive work and His eternal reign. The presence of the Lamb in the New Jerusalem underscores the fulfillment of God's salvation plan, where Christ's atoning work is eternally celebrated and His authority is fully recognized.

is its lamp
The metaphor of "lamp" suggests a source of light that guides and directs. In the New Jerusalem, the Lamb serves as the lamp, providing illumination and direction for the inhabitants. This imagery reflects the biblical theme of Christ as the light that guides believers (Psalm 119:105) and the source of spiritual enlightenment (John 1:9). The Lamb as the lamp signifies the intimate relationship between Christ and His people, where His presence provides continual guidance, comfort, and assurance in the eternal city.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The City
Refers to the New Jerusalem, the holy city described in Revelation 21, symbolizing the eternal dwelling place of God with His people.

2. The Glory of God
Represents the divine presence and majesty of God, which illuminates the city, eliminating the need for natural light sources like the sun or moon.

3. The Lamb
Refers to Jesus Christ, who is depicted as the sacrificial Lamb, providing spiritual illumination and guidance to the city.
Teaching Points
The Supremacy of God's Glory
God's presence is the ultimate source of light and life, surpassing all created things. In our lives, we should prioritize seeking His presence above all else.

Christ as the Eternal Light
Jesus, the Lamb, is our guide and source of truth. We should rely on Him for direction and understanding in our daily walk.

The Fulfillment of Prophecy
Revelation 21:23 fulfills Old Testament prophecies about God's eternal kingdom. This assurance should strengthen our faith in God's promises.

Living in the Light
As believers, we are called to walk in the light of Christ, reflecting His glory in our actions and relationships.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the imagery of the New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:23 inspire hope for the future?

2. In what ways can we experience the "glory of God" as a source of light in our daily lives?

3. How does understanding Jesus as the "lamp" influence our relationship with Him and our reliance on His guidance?

4. What are some practical ways we can reflect the light of Christ in our communities?

5. How do the prophecies in Isaiah 60 and their fulfillment in Revelation 21:23 encourage us to trust in God's promises?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 1
The creation account where God creates the sun and moon to govern the day and night. Revelation 21:23 contrasts this by showing that in the New Jerusalem, God's glory replaces these created lights.

John 1
Describes Jesus as the true light that gives light to everyone. This connection emphasizes Jesus as the eternal source of spiritual illumination.

Isaiah 60
Prophesies a time when the Lord will be an everlasting light, and the days of mourning will end, paralleling the imagery in Revelation 21:23.
The Glory Light: a Sermon for Midsummer DayS. Conway Revelation 21:23
The New JerusalemR. Green Revelation 21:9-27
And I Saw no Temple ThereinJ. Bannerman, D. D.Revelation 21:22-23
Christ the Light of HeavenC. Bradley, M. A.Revelation 21:22-23
Heaven, Without a Temple; WhyR. Hall, M. A.Revelation 21:22-23
No Temple in HeavenA. K. H. Boyd, D. D.Revelation 21:22-23
No Temple in HeavenC. H. Parkhurst, D. D.Revelation 21:22-23
No Temple in HeavenJames Aitken.Revelation 21:22-23
The God-Enlightened CityE. Payson, D. D.Revelation 21:22-23
The Heavenly TempleH. Melvill, B. D.Revelation 21:22-23
The Lamb -- the LightC. H. Spurgeon.Revelation 21:22-23
The Light of the CityJohn Thomas, M. A.Revelation 21:22-23
The Light of the New JerusalemH. Bonar, D. D.Revelation 21:22-23
The Mission of the Temple AccomplishedJohn Thomas, M. A.Revelation 21:22-23
The Negative Glory of HeavenHomilistRevelation 21:22-23
The Perfection of the Heavenly StateW. Jay.Revelation 21:22-23
The Negative Glory of Heaven (No. 1)D. Thomas Revelation 21:22-27
People
John
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Enlightened, Gives, Glory, Illuminated, Illumined, Lamb, Lamp, Lighten, Moon, Shine, Shone, Thereof, Town
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Revelation 21:23

     1045   God, glory of
     1193   glory, revelation of
     4251   moon
     4284   sun
     4835   light, spiritual
     9105   last things
     9414   heaven, community of redeemed

Revelation 21:9-27

     5659   bride
     7241   Jerusalem, significance

Revelation 21:20-27

     5256   city

Revelation 21:22-23

     9411   heaven

Revelation 21:22-27

     5006   human race, destiny

Library
November 18. "And He that Sat Upon the Throne Said, it is Done" (Rev. xxi. 5, 6).
"And He that sat upon the throne said, It is done" (Rev. xxi. 5, 6). Great is the difference between action and transaction. We may be constantly acting without accomplishing anything, but a transaction is action that passes beyond the point of return, and becomes a permanent committal. Salvation is a transaction between the soul and Christ in which the matter passes beyond recall. Sanctification is a great transaction in which we are utterly surrendered, irrevocably consecrated and wholly committed
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

July the Twenty-Fifth no Temple Therein
"And I saw no temple therein!" --REVELATION xxi. 22-27. And that because it was all temple! "Every place was hallowed ground." There was no merely localized Presence, because the Presence was universal. God was realized everywhere, and therefore the little meeting-tent had vanished, and in place of the measurable tabernacle there were the immeasurable and God-filled heavens. Even here on earth I can measure my spiritual growth by the corresponding enlargement of my temple. What is the size of
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

He that Overcometh.
"He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be My son."--REVELATION xxi. 7. Year by year as at this time, when the week of our Saviour's Passion and Death is just in front of us, and the shadow of His Cross is falling over us, one generation after another of the boys of this school gather here, and in the face of the congregation, young and old, they take upon them the vows of a Christian life. So we met last Thursday, and your vow is still fresh upon a great
John Percival—Sermons at Rugby

A New Creation
MEN GENERALLY venerate antiquity. It were hard to say which has the stronger power over the human mind--antiquity or novelty. While men will frequently dote upon the old, they are most easily dazzled by the new. Anything new has at least one attraction. Restless spirits consider that the new must be better than the old. Though often disappointed, they are still ready to be caught by the same bait, and, like the Athenians of Mars Hill, spend their time in nothing else but either to tell or to hear
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 61: 1915

29Th Day. A Nightless Heaven.
"He is Faithful that Promised." "There shall be no night there."--REV. xxi. 25. A Nightless Heaven. My soul! is it night with thee here? Art thou wearied with these midnight tossings on life's tumultuous sea? Be still! the day is breaking! soon shall thy Lord appear. "His going forth is prepared as the morning." That glorious appearing shall disperse every cloud, and usher in an eternal noontide which knows no twilight. "Thy sun shall no more go down, neither shall thy moon withdraw itself; for
John Ross Macduff—The Faithful Promiser

31ST DAY. The Vision and Fruition of God.
"He is Faithful that Promised." "God himself shall be with them, and be their God. And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away."--REV. xxi. 3, 4. The Vision and Fruition of God. Glorious consummation! All the other glories of Heaven are but emanations from this glory that excelleth. Here is the focus and centre to which every ray of light converges. God
John Ross Macduff—The Faithful Promiser

The Disciple, -- Master, it is Clear to Almost Everyone that to Disobey God And...
The Disciple,--Master, it is clear to almost everyone that to disobey God and to cease to worship Him is sin, and the deadly result is seen in the present state of the world. But what sin really is is not absolutely clear. In the very presence of Almighty God, and in opposition to His will, and in His own world, how did sin come to be? The Master,--1. Sin is to cast aside the will of God and to live according to one's own will, deserting that which is true and lawful in order to satisfy one's own
Sadhu Sundar Singh—At The Master's Feet

The Foundation of the Church among the Jews
A.D. 33-A.D. 38 Before entering upon an account of the Foundation and After-History of the Christian Church, it may be well to consider what that Church really is. Section 1. Definition of the Church. [Sidenote: Twofold nature of the Church.] The Church may be regarded in a twofold aspect, as an external Corporation, and as a spiritual Body. [Sidenote: 1. An external Kingdom.] In the first light it is a Kingdom, in the world, though not of the world, extending through different and widely-separated
John Henry Blunt—A Key to the Knowledge of Church History

The City that Hath Foundations
"I ... saw the Holy City, New Jerusalem."-- Rev. xxi. 2. J. M. Meyfart, 1642. tr., Emma Frances Bevan, 1899 Jerusalem! thou glorious City-height, Oh might I enter in! My spirit wearieth for thy love and light, Amidst this world of sin-- Far over the dark mountains, The moorlands cold and grey, She looketh with sad longing, And fain would flee away. O fair sweet day! and hour yet more fair When wilt thou come to me? My spirit, safe within my Saviour's care Made glad, and pure, and free-- And calmly,
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen and Others (Second Series)

The Land of Rest
Gerhard Ter Steegen Rev. xxi. 5 Wanderer, rest thy weary feet; Shapes and sounds forgotten now-- Close thine eyes in stillness sweet, With thy God alone art thou. In the deeps of silence rest, Let Him work His high behest. Silence! reasonings hard and keen, Still--O longings sad and deep-- Waken to the morn serene, Tangled dreams depart with sleep; In the calm eternal day Night's wild visions past away. In the silence of that dawn God shall speak His words of grace, Light that round thy waking
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen, Suso, and Others

The Heritage of the Lord's People. --Rev. xxi. 5-7.
The Heritage of the Lord's People.--Rev. xxi. 5-7. "He that overcomes through me, Shall an heir of all things be, I his God, and he My Son," Saith the True and Holy One. What an heritage were this! An eternity of bliss, Heaven below and heaven above, O the miracle of love! "Abba! Father!" then might I Through the Holy Spirit cry; Heir of God, with Christ joint-heir, Grace and glory call'd to share. Can a worm such gifts receive? Fear not, faint not, but believe, He who gave His Son, shall He
James Montgomery—Sacred Poems and Hymns

Whether God Always Loves More the Better Things?
Objection 1: It seems that God does not always love more the better things. For it is manifest that Christ is better than the whole human race, being God and man. But God loved the human race more than He loved Christ; for it is said: "He spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all" (Rom. 8:32). Therefore God does not always love more the better things. Objection 2: Further, an angel is better than a man. Hence it is said of man: "Thou hast made him a little less than the angels" (Ps.
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

The Impassibility and Immortality of the Risen Body.
Besides the attributes which immediately flow from the fact that our animal bodies will rise spiritualized, there are two more qualities, which we shall now consider; namely, the impassibility and immortality of our risen bodies. 1. Impassibility implies the total loss of the power of suffering. What an enormous capacity we have for suffering! The power of receiving pleasure through our senses is only as a drop in the ocean, when compared to our manifold capacities for suffering, in every faculty
F. J. Boudreaux—The Happiness of Heaven

Christ's Finished and Unfinished Work
'Jesus ... said, It is finished.'--JOHN xix. 30. 'He said unto me, It is done.'--REV. xxi. 6. One of these sayings was spoken from the Cross, the other from the Throne. The Speaker of both is the same. In the one, His voice 'then shook the earth,' as the rending rocks testified; in the other, His voice 'will shake not the earth only but also heaven'; for 'new heavens and a new earth' accompanied the proclamation. In the one, like some traveller ready to depart, who casts a final glance over his preparations,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

All Fulness in Christ
The text is a great deep, we cannot explore it, but we will voyage over its surface joyously, the Holy Spirit giving us a favorable wind. Here are plenteous provisions far exceeding, those of Solomon, though at the sight of that royal profusion, Sheba's queen felt that there was no more spirit in her, and declared that the half had not been told to her. It may give some sort of order to our thoughts if they fall under four heads. What is here spoken of--"all fullness." Where is it placed--"in him,"
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 17: 1871

A Word for the Persecuted
Remember that this supposition is a very likely one. There are a few Christians so favourably circumstanced that all their friends accompany them in the pilgrimage to heaven. What advances they ought to make in the sacred journey! What excellent Christians they ought to be! They are like plants in a conservatory--they ought to grow and bring forth the loveliest Bowers of divine grace. But there are not very many who are altogether in that case. The large proportion of Christians find themselves opposed
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 20: 1874

Why they Leave Us
"Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world."--John 17:24. THE PRAYER OF THE SAVIOR rises as it proceeds. He asked for his people that they might be preserved from the world, then that they might be sanctified, and then that they might be made manifestly one; and now he reaches his crowning point--that they may be with him where he is, and behold his
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 32: 1886

The Apostolate.
"That ye also may have fellowship with us: and truly our fellowship is with the Father, and with His Son Jesus Christ."--1 John i. 3. The apostolate bears the character of an extraordinary manifestation, not seen before or after it, in which we discover a proper work of the Holy Spirit. The apostles were ambassadors extraordinary -- different from the prophets, different from the present ministers of the Word. In the history of the Church and the world they occupy a unique position and have a peculiar
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

An Impossibility Made Possible
'Can the Ethiopian change his skin?'--JER. xiii. 23. 'If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature.'--2 COR. v. 17. 'Behold, I make all things new.'--REV. xxi. 5. Put these three texts together. The first is a despairing question to which experience gives only too sad and decisive a negative answer. It is the answer of many people who tell us that character must be eternal, and of many a baffled man who says, 'It is of no use--I have tried and can do nothing.' The second text is the grand Christian
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

'Three Tabernacles'
'The Word ... dwelt among us.'--JOHN i. 14. '... He that sitteth on the Throne shall dwell among them.'--REV. vii. 15. '... Behold, the Tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them.'--REV. xxi. 3. The word rendered 'dwelt' in these three passages, is a peculiar one. It is only found in the New Testament--in this Gospel and in the Book of Revelation. That fact constitutes one of the many subtle threads of connection between these two books, which at first sight seem so extremely unlike
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Departed Saints Fellowservants with those yet on Earth.
"I am thy fellowservant, and of thy brethren the prophets." The revelation made to St. John in the isle of Patmos, was a comfort to the suffering apostle, and a blessing to the church. "Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the word, of this prophecy." The beginning indeed was dark; the prophetic sketch, was for sometime, gloomy: It unfolded a strange scene of declensions and abominations, which were to disgrace the church of Christ and mar its beauty; and dismal series of woes on woes,
Andrew Lee et al—Sermons on Various Important Subjects

Greeks Seek Jesus. He Foretells that He Shall Draw all Men unto Him.
(in the Temple. Tuesday, April 4, a.d. 30.) ^D John XII. 20-50. ^d 20 Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast [The language indicates that they were Greek converts to Judaism, such as were called proselytes of the gate. It is also noted that as Gentiles came from the east at the beginning of Jesus' life, so they also came from the west at the close of his ministry]: 21 these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee [See p. 111. They were possibly
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

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