Psalm 45:8
All your garments are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces of ivory the harps make you glad.
All your garments
The phrase "all your garments" signifies the entirety of the attire worn by the subject, which in this context is a royal figure, often interpreted as a messianic king. In ancient times, garments were not only functional but also symbolic of one's status and identity. The Hebrew word for garments, "beged," can also imply treachery or deceit, but here it is used to denote splendor and majesty, reflecting the king's divine anointing and authority.

are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia
The use of "myrrh, aloes, and cassia" indicates a rich and luxurious aroma, befitting a king. Myrrh, known in Hebrew as "mor," was a valuable resin used in anointing oils and perfumes, symbolizing purification and sanctity. Aloes, derived from the Hebrew "ahaloth," were used for their aromatic properties and in burial preparations, suggesting themes of life, death, and resurrection. Cassia, or "qiddah" in Hebrew, was a spice similar to cinnamon, used in sacred anointing oil (Exodus 30:24). Together, these fragrances evoke the holiness and divine favor bestowed upon the king, pointing to the anointed one's role as both a priestly and royal figure.

from palaces of ivory
"Palaces of ivory" conjures images of opulence and grandeur. Ivory, a precious material, was used in the construction and decoration of royal palaces, symbolizing wealth and splendor. The Hebrew word "shen" for ivory also means "tooth," indicating the rarity and value of the material. This imagery suggests a setting of unmatched beauty and luxury, fitting for a king whose reign is marked by divine blessing and prosperity.

the harps make you glad
The mention of "harps" highlights the role of music in royal and religious ceremonies. Harps, or "kinnor" in Hebrew, were stringed instruments used in worship and celebration. The joy brought by the harps signifies the king's delight in the presence of God and the harmonious order of his kingdom. This musical imagery underscores the theme of divine joy and the king's connection to God, who is the source of true gladness and peace.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The King
The primary figure in Psalm 45, often interpreted as a messianic figure or a representation of Christ in Christian theology. The king's garments are described as fragrant, symbolizing purity and divine favor.

2. Palaces of Ivory
These are luxurious and opulent settings, symbolizing wealth, splendor, and the majesty of the king's reign. They reflect the grandeur of the king's court.

3. Myrrh, Aloes, and Cassia
These are aromatic spices and perfumes used in ancient times for anointing and embalming, symbolizing richness, sanctity, and the king's divine anointing.

4. Harps
Musical instruments that bring joy and celebration, often associated with worship and the presence of God.

5. The Sons of Korah
The authors of this psalm, a group of temple musicians and poets who contributed to the Psalter, emphasizing worship and praise.
Teaching Points
The Fragrance of Christ
Just as the king's garments are fragrant, believers are called to be the aroma of Christ in the world, spreading His love and truth.

The Majesty of Worship
The imagery of harps and palaces of ivory reminds us of the importance of worship in acknowledging God's majesty and glory.

Anointed for a Purpose
The use of myrrh, aloes, and cassia signifies anointing and purpose. Believers are anointed by the Holy Spirit to fulfill God's calling in their lives.

The Joy of the Lord
The joy brought by the harps symbolizes the joy found in God's presence. Believers are encouraged to find their joy in the Lord, regardless of circumstances.

Christ as King
This psalm points to the kingship of Christ, reminding believers of His sovereign rule and the hope of His eternal kingdom.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the imagery of fragrant garments in Psalm 45:8 inspire you to reflect Christ's fragrance in your daily life?

2. In what ways can the opulence of the "palaces of ivory" influence your understanding of the majesty and splendor of God's kingdom?

3. How do the spices myrrh, aloes, and cassia relate to the anointing and purpose God has for your life?

4. What role does worship play in your life, and how can you incorporate more of it to experience the joy of the Lord?

5. How does recognizing Christ as King impact your perspective on current challenges and future hopes?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Song of Solomon
The use of myrrh and aloes connects to the imagery of love and marriage, reflecting the intimate relationship between Christ and the Church.

John 19:39
Nicodemus brings myrrh and aloes for Jesus' burial, connecting the spices to Christ's death and resurrection, symbolizing His sacrificial love and victory over death.

Revelation 19:7-8
The marriage of the Lamb and the Church, where the bride is adorned in fine linen, connects to the imagery of the king's garments, symbolizing purity and righteousness.
Out of the Ivory PalacesT. De Witt Talmage.Psalm 45:8
The Garments of ChristT. Bennet.Psalm 45:8
A Good MatterThomas SpurgeonPsalm 45:1-17
A Gude Word for the KingPsalm 45:1-17
A Missionary DiscourseSketches of Four Hundred SermonsPsalm 45:1-17
A Unique KingHomilistPsalm 45:1-17
Concerning the KingJ. Thomas, M. A.Psalm 45:1-17
The Conquests of MessiahAnon.Psalm 45:1-17
The Excellency of ChristPsalm 45:1-17
The Excellency of ChristPsalm 45:1-17
The Glories of the Eternal KingC. Clemance Psalm 45:1-17
The Glory of Christ Partially DescribedPsalm 45:1-17
The Song of the Heavenly NuptialsD. McLean.Psalm 45:1-17
The Things Concerning Zion's King, Good Matters to All HiPsalm 45:1-17
People
Korah, Ophir, Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Adorned, Aloes, Cassia, Fragrant, Full, Garments, Glad, Houses, Instruments, Ivory, King's, Makes, Music, Myrrh, Palaces, Perfumes, Robes, Smell, Sorts, Spices, Stringed, Strings, Whereby
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 45:8

     4339   ivory
     4402   plants
     4486   myrrh
     4496   perfume
     5183   smell
     5211   art
     5778   adorning

Psalm 45:6-8

     4466   herbs and spices

Psalm 45:8-9

     5437   palaces

Library
July 20. "Forget Also Thine Own" (Ps. Xlv. 10).
"Forget also thine own" (Ps. xlv. 10). We, too, like the ancient Levites, must be "consecrated every one upon our son and upon our brother," and "forget our kindred and our father's house" in every sense in which they could hinder our full liberty and service for the Lord. We, too, must let our business go if it stands between us and the Lord, and in any case let it henceforth be His business and His alone, pursued for Him, controlled by Him, and its profits wholly dedicated to Him, and used as He
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Portrait of the Bride
'Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; 11. So shall the King desire thy beauty: for He is thy Lord; and worship thou Him. 12. And the daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; even the rich among the people shall entreat thy favour. 13. The King's daughter within the palace is all glorious: her clothing is inwrought with gold. 14. She shall be led unto the King in broidered work: the virgins, her companions, that follow
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The King in his Beauty
'Thou art fairer than the children of men; grace is poured into Thy lips: therefore God hath blessed Thee forever. 3. Gird Thy sword upon Thy thigh, O mighty one, Thy glory and Thy majesty. 4. And in Thy majesty ride on prosperously, because of truth and meekness and righteousness: and Thy right hand shall teach Thee terrible things. 5. Thine arrows are sharp; the peoples fall under Thee; they are in the heart of the King's enemies. 6. Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of equity
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Gladness of the Man of Sorrows
Our text describes the joy poured forth upon our glorious King in a twofold manner. Our Lord is first made joyous by his Father--"Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows." But there is another joy, which he getteth not from one person, but from many. Read the next verse--"All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad." Here both saints
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 9: 1863

Of virtue
Of Virtue It is thus we acquire virtue, with facility and certainty; for, as God is the fountain and principle of all virtue, we possess all in the possession of Himself; and in proportion as we approach towards this possession, in like proportion do we rise into the most eminent virtues. For all virtue is but as a mask, an outside appearance changeable as our garments, if it doth not spring up, and issue from within; and then, indeed, it is genuine, essential, and permanent: "The beauty of the King's
Madame Guyon—A Short and Easy Method of Prayer

On virtue --All virtues Given with God in this Degree of the Prayer of the Heart.
This is the short and the sure way of acquiring virtue; because, God being the principle of all virtue, we possess all virtue in possessing God. More than this, I say that all virtue which is not given inwardly is a mask of virtue, and like a garment that can be taken off, and will wear out. But virtue communicated fundamentally is essential, true, and permanent. "The King's daughter is all glorious within" (Ps. xlv. 13). And there are none who practise virtue more constantly than those who acquire
Jeanne Marie Bouvières—A Short Method Of Prayer And Spiritual Torrents

Of the First Seal.
The first occurrence of the Roman empire, and that a most illustrious one, is the commencement of the victory of Christ, by which the Roman gods began to be vanquished, and their worshippers to be transfixed with the arrows of the Gospel, to fail on every side, and to submit their necks to Christ the conqueror. "He went out (says he) conquering, and to conquer;" that is, he hath not yet completely conquered, but laid the foundations of victory, to he hereafter more and more fulfilled. The index of
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

The High Calling
Gerhard Ter Steegen Ps. xlv. 9 Child of the Eternal Father, Bride of the Eternal Son, Dwelling-place of God the Spirit, Thus with Christ made ever one; Dowered with joy beyond the Angels Nearest to His throne, They, the ministers attending His beloved one: Granted all my heart's desire, All things made my own; Feared by all the powers of evil, Fearing God alone; Walking with the Lord in glory Through the courts divine, Queen within the royal palace, Christ for ever mine; Say, poor worldling, can
Frances Bevan—Hymns of Ter Steegen, Suso, and Others

I Send Thee Not, Soul that Art Religiously Chaste...
38. I send thee not, soul that art religiously chaste, that hast not given the reins to fleshly appetite even so far as to allowed marriage, that hast not indulged thy body about to depart even to the begetting one to succeed thee, that hast sustained aloft thy earthly members, afloat to accustom them to heaven; I send thee not, in order that thou mayest learn humility, unto publicans and sinners, who yet enter into the kingdom of heaven before the proud: I send thee not to these: for they, who have
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

On the Opinion of Dionysius.
Letter of Athanasius concerning Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, shewing that he too was against the Arian heresy, like the Synod of Nicæa, and that the Arians in vain libel him in claiming him as on their side. 1. The Arian appeal to Dionysius a slander against him. You have been tardy in informing me of the present argument between yourself and the enemies of Christ; for even before your courtesy wrote to me, I had made diligent enquiry, and learnt about the matter, of which I heard with
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Thy Name is as Oil Poured Forth; Therefore have the virgins Loved Thee.
Sensible grace, which is here signified by the name of the Bridegroom, penetrates the whole soul so powerfully with the sweetness which God sends to the souls He intends to fill with His love, that it is truly like a balm poured forth, which extends and insensibly increases, in proportion as it is more and more poured out, and with so excellent an odor that the young soul finds itself wholly penetrated by its power and sweetness. This takes place without violence, and with so much pleasure that the
Madame Guyon—Song of Songs of Solomon

So Then the Father is Lord and the Son is Lord...
So then the Father is Lord and the Son is Lord, [177] and the Father is God and the Son is God; for that which is begotten of God is God. [178] And so in the substance and power of His being there is shown forth one God; but there is also according to the economy of our redemption both Son and Father. Because to created things the Father of all is invisible and unapproachable, [179] therefore those who are to draw near to God must have their access to the Father through the Son. And yet more plainly
Irenæus—The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

Letter Lxv. To Principia.
A commentary on Ps. XLV. addressed to Marcella's friend and companion Principia (see Letter CXXVII.). Jerome prefaces what he has to say by a defence of his practice of writing for women, a practice which had exposed him to many foolish sneers. He deals with the same subject in his dedication of the Commentary of Sophronius. The date of the letter is 397 a.d.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

Christ is to be Loved
"Yes, He is altogether lovely." Song of Songs 5:16. At the ninth verse of this chapter, you have a question put forth by the daughters of Jerusalem, "What is your beloved more than another beloved?" The spouse answers, "He is the chief among ten thousand." She then recounts many of the things she finds so excellent in her beloved and then concludes with these words that I have read: "Yes, he is altogether lovely." The words set forth the transcendent loveliness of the Lord Jesus Christ, and naturally
John Flavel—Christ Altogether Lovely

Question of the Comparison Between the Active and the Contemplative Life
I. Is the Active Life preferable to the Contemplative? Cardinal Cajetan, On Preparation for the Contemplative Life S. Augustine, Confessions, X., xliii. 70 " On Psalm xxvi. II. Is the Active Life more Meritorious than the Contemplative? III. Is the Active Life a Hindrance to the Contemplative Life? Cardinal Cajetan, On the True Interior Life S. Augustine, Sermon, CCLVI., v. 6 IV. Does the Active Life precede the Contemplative? I Is the Active Life preferable to the Contemplative? The Lord
St. Thomas Aquinas—On Prayer and The Contemplative Life

For not Even Herein Ought Such as are Married to Compare Themselves with The...
10. For not even herein ought such as are married to compare themselves with the deserts of the continent, in that of them virgins are born: for this is not a good of marriage, but of nature: which was so ordered of God, as that of every sexual intercourse whatever of the two sexes of human kind, whether in due order and honest, or base and unlawful, there is born no female save a virgin, yet is none born a sacred virgin: so it is brought to pass that a virgin is born even of fornication, but a sacred
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

If, Therefore, You had not as yet Vowed unto God Widowed Continence...
23. If, therefore, you had not as yet vowed unto God widowed continence, we would assuredly exhort you to vow it; but, in that you have already vowed it, we exhort you to persevere. And yet I see that I must so speak as to lead those also who had as yet thought of marriage to love it and to seize on it. Therefore let us give ear unto the Apostle, "She who is unmarried," saith he, "is careful about the things of the Lord, to be holy both in body and spirit; but she who is married is careful about
St. Augustine—On the Good of Widowhood.

Introduction to Four Discourses against the Arians.
Written Between 356 And 360. There is no absolutely conclusive evidence as to the date of these Discourses, in fact they would appear from the language of ii. 1 to have been issued at intervals. The best judges, however, are agreed in assigning them to the fruitful period of the third exile.' The Discourses cannot indeed be identified with the lost account of the Arian heresy addressed to certain Egyptian monks (see Introd. to Arian Hist. supra); but the demand for such a treatise may have set Athanasius
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

My Beloved is White and Ruddy, the Chiefest among Ten Thousand.
My Well-beloved, replies the Spouse, is white by His purity, innocence and simplicity. He is ruddy by His charity, and because He has chosen to be dyed and purpled in His own blood. He is white by His frankness, ruddy by the fire of His love. He is chiefest among ten thousand, that is to say, He is above all I have chosen and preferred Him to every other. His Father has chosen Him above all the children of men as His Beloved Son in whom He is well pleased (Matt. iii. 17). In short, if you would know,
Madame Guyon—Song of Songs of Solomon

Christian Meekness
Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth Matthew 5:5 We are now got to the third step leading in the way to blessedness, Christian meekness. Blessed are the meek'. See how the Spirit of God adorns the hidden man of the heart, with multiplicity of graces! The workmanship of the Holy Ghost is not only curious, but various. It makes the heart meek, pure, peaceable etc. The graces therefore are compared to needlework, which is different and various in its flowers and colours (Psalm 45:14).
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

King of Kings and Lord of Lords
And He hath on His vesture and on His thigh a name written, K ING OF K INGS AND L ORD OF L ORDS T he description of the administration and glory of the Redeemer's Kingdom, in defiance of all opposition, concludes the second part of Messiah Oratorio. Three different passages from the book of Revelation are selected to form a grand chorus, of which Handel's title in this verse is the close --a title which has been sometimes vainly usurped by proud worms of this earth. Eastern monarchs, in particular,
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

He is Lovely in his Person
First, He is altogether lovely in his person: he is Deity dwelling in flesh, John 1:14. The wonderful, perfect union of the divine and human nature in Christ renders him an object of admiration and adoration to both angels and men, 1 Tim. 3:16. God never presented to the world such a vision of glory before. Consider how the human nature of our Lord Jesus Christ is overflowing with all the graces of the Spirit, in such a way as never any of the saints was filled. O what a lovely picture does this
John Flavel—Christ Altogether Lovely

He is Lovely in his Relations.
First, He is a lovely Redeemer, Isa. 61:1. He came to open the prison-doors to them that are bound. Needs must this Redeemer be a lovely one, if we consider the depth of misery from which he redeemed us, even "from the wrath to come," 1 Thess. 1:10. Consider the numbers redeemed, and the means of their redemption. Rev. 5:9, "And they sang a new song, saying, 'You are worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for you were slain, and have redeemed us to God by your blood, out of every
John Flavel—Christ Altogether Lovely

Of Rest in the Presence of God --Its Fruits --Inward Silence --God Commands it --Outward Silence.
The soul, being brought to this place, needs no other preparation than that of repose: for the presence of God during the day, which is the great result of prayer, or rather prayer itself, begins to be intuitive and almost continual. The soul is conscious of a deep inward happiness, and feels that God is in it more truly than it is in itself. It has only one thing to do in order to find God, which is to retire within itself. As soon as the eyes are closed, it finds itself in prayer. It is astonished
Jeanne Marie Bouvières—A Short Method Of Prayer And Spiritual Torrents

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