Philemon 1:10

I appeal to you for my child Onesimus, whose father I became while I was in chains.

Study Bible

I appeal to you
The Greek word for "appeal" is "παρακαλέω" (parakaleo), which conveys a sense of earnest pleading or exhortation. This is not a command but a heartfelt request, reflecting Paul's gentle and loving approach. In the context of the early church, this appeal underscores the importance of relationships and reconciliation within the body of Christ. Paul, though an apostle with authority, chooses to appeal rather than command, demonstrating humility and respect for Philemon's autonomy.

for my child
The term "child" here is "τέκνον" (teknon) in Greek, indicating a deep, personal relationship. Paul uses familial language to describe Onesimus, highlighting the spiritual fatherhood he assumes over him. This reflects the transformative power of the Gospel, where spiritual bonds often transcend biological ones. In the early Christian community, such language would emphasize the new identity and family found in Christ.

Onesimus
The name Onesimus means "useful" or "profitable" in Greek. Historically, Onesimus was a runaway slave who had become a believer through Paul's ministry. His name is a poignant reminder of the redemptive work of Christ, who transforms lives and restores purpose. In the Roman world, a runaway slave faced severe punishment, but Paul’s letter seeks to redefine Onesimus's identity from a mere slave to a beloved brother in Christ.

whose father I became
The phrase "whose father I became" is a metaphorical expression of spiritual mentorship and discipleship. Paul is not speaking of physical paternity but of spiritual guidance and nurturing. This reflects the early church's emphasis on discipleship and the responsibility of mature believers to nurture new converts in their faith journey.

while I was in chains
The mention of "chains" refers to Paul's imprisonment, likely in Rome. Despite his physical confinement, Paul's ministry continued to flourish, demonstrating that the Gospel cannot be bound. This phrase also serves as a powerful testament to the sovereignty of God, who uses even adverse circumstances for His purposes. It reminds believers that their witness and influence can persist regardless of their situation, as God’s work is not limited by human constraints.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul
The apostle who wrote the letter to Philemon. He is in prison at the time of writing and is appealing on behalf of Onesimus.

2. Onesimus
A slave who belonged to Philemon. He became a Christian through Paul's ministry while Paul was imprisoned.

3. Philemon
A Christian leader and the recipient of the letter. He is the master of Onesimus and is being asked by Paul to receive Onesimus back as a brother in Christ.

4. Rome
The likely place where Paul was imprisoned and where he met Onesimus.

5. Colossae
The city where Philemon lived and where the church met in his house.

Teaching Points

Spiritual Parenthood
Paul refers to Onesimus as his child, highlighting the importance of spiritual mentorship and discipleship. Believers are encouraged to invest in the spiritual growth of others.

Transformation in Christ
Onesimus' conversion is a testament to the transformative power of the Gospel. No matter one's past, in Christ, there is a new beginning.

Christian Brotherhood
Paul appeals to Philemon to accept Onesimus not just as a slave but as a brother in Christ. This challenges believers to view relationships through the lens of their shared faith.

Forgiveness and Reconciliation
The letter to Philemon is a powerful example of seeking reconciliation and extending forgiveness, reflecting the heart of the Gospel.

Advocacy and Intercession
Paul’s role as an advocate for Onesimus encourages believers to intercede and stand up for others, especially those who are vulnerable or marginalized.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul's relationship with Onesimus challenge our understanding of spiritual mentorship and discipleship today?

2. In what ways can the transformation of Onesimus inspire us to believe in the power of the Gospel to change lives?

3. How can we apply the principle of Christian brotherhood in our own relationships, especially with those who are different from us?

4. What steps can we take to practice forgiveness and seek reconciliation in our personal conflicts?

5. How can we be advocates for others in our communities, following Paul's example of intercession for Onesimus?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Colossians 4:9
Onesimus is mentioned as a faithful and beloved brother, indicating his transformation and acceptance in the Christian community.

1 Corinthians 4:15
Paul refers to himself as a spiritual father, similar to how he describes his relationship with Onesimus.

Galatians 3:28
This verse speaks to the equality of all believers in Christ, which underpins Paul's appeal for Onesimus.

Ephesians 6:5-9
Instructions on the relationship between slaves and masters, relevant to the context of Philemon and Onesimus.

Matthew 18:21-22
Jesus' teaching on forgiveness, which is a key theme in Paul's appeal to Philemon.