Matthew 20:22
"You do not know what you are asking," Jesus replied. "Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?" "We can," the brothers answered.
You do not know what you are asking
This phrase is a gentle yet firm rebuke from Jesus to His disciples, specifically James and John, who, through their mother, have requested positions of honor in His kingdom. The Greek word for "know" here is "oida," which implies a deep, intuitive understanding. Jesus is pointing out their lack of comprehension regarding the true nature of His mission and the cost of discipleship. Historically, this reflects the common Jewish expectation of a political Messiah, which contrasts with Jesus' mission of suffering and service.

Jesus replied
The act of replying indicates Jesus' willingness to engage with His disciples' misunderstandings. The Greek verb "apokrinomai" suggests a thoughtful and deliberate response. This interaction highlights Jesus' role as a teacher who corrects and guides His followers with patience and wisdom. It underscores the importance of seeking divine wisdom over human ambition.

Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?
The "cup" is a metaphor deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, often symbolizing one's divinely appointed destiny, whether of blessing or suffering. In this context, it refers to the suffering and sacrifice Jesus is about to endure. The Greek word "poterion" for "cup" evokes the imagery of the cup of wrath or suffering found in the Old Testament (e.g., Psalm 75:8, Isaiah 51:17). Jesus is challenging His disciples to consider the cost of following Him, which involves sharing in His sufferings.

We can
This confident response from the disciples, though sincere, reveals their naivety. The Greek word "dynamai" for "can" indicates ability or power. Their assertion reflects a common human tendency to overestimate one's strength and commitment without fully understanding the implications. This moment serves as a reminder of the need for humility and reliance on God's strength rather than our own.

they answered
The disciples' answer, captured by the Greek verb "lego," meaning to speak or say, shows their eagerness and willingness to follow Jesus, albeit with a limited understanding. This response is a testament to their loyalty and desire to be close to Jesus, yet it also foreshadows their eventual growth in understanding and faith through the trials they will face. It serves as an encouragement for believers to remain committed to Christ, trusting that He will equip them for the journey ahead.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus
The central figure in this passage, Jesus is responding to a request made by the mother of James and John. He is the Son of God, the Messiah, and the teacher of His disciples.

2. James and John
Also known as the sons of Zebedee, they are two of Jesus' twelve disciples. Their mother has just asked Jesus for a special favor for them.

3. The Cup
This is a metaphor used by Jesus to describe the suffering and sacrifice He is about to endure. In the original Greek, the word "cup" (pot?rion) often symbolizes a portion or experience, particularly one that involves suffering or divine wrath.

4. The Baptism
Another metaphor used by Jesus, referring to His impending suffering and death. The Greek word for baptism (baptisma) implies an overwhelming experience or immersion, in this context, into suffering.

5. The Disciples
The broader group of Jesus' followers, who are present and listening to this exchange. They are learning about the cost of discipleship and the nature of true greatness in the Kingdom of God.
Teaching Points
Understanding True Greatness
Jesus teaches that true greatness in His Kingdom is not about positions of power but about serving others and being willing to suffer for the sake of the Gospel.

The Cost of Discipleship
Following Jesus involves a willingness to endure hardship and sacrifice, as symbolized by the "cup" and "baptism" of suffering.

Submission to God's Will
Like Jesus, believers are called to submit to God's will, even when it involves personal sacrifice or suffering.

Servant Leadership
Jesus models and calls His followers to a leadership style that prioritizes serving others over seeking personal glory or status.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does Jesus mean by asking if James and John can drink the cup He is about to drink, and how does this apply to our own willingness to face challenges for our faith?

2. How does the concept of "baptism" into suffering challenge our understanding of what it means to be a follower of Christ?

3. In what ways can we practice servant leadership in our daily lives, following Jesus' example?

4. How do the themes of suffering and service in this passage connect to other parts of the New Testament, such as Paul's writings?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to submit to God's will in a difficult situation. How did this experience shape your faith and understanding of discipleship?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Mark 10:38-39
This parallel passage in Mark's Gospel provides additional context to Jesus' response, emphasizing the theme of suffering and service.

Luke 22:42
Jesus' prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, where He asks if the cup can be taken from Him, connects to His earlier mention of the cup, highlighting His submission to the Father's will.

Philippians 2:5-8
Paul's description of Christ's humility and obedience unto death reflects the same themes of sacrifice and service that Jesus is teaching His disciples.

Romans 8:17
This verse speaks to the idea of sharing in Christ's sufferings, which is a key aspect of what Jesus is communicating to James and John.
Blind BartimeusGeorge Whitefield Matthew 20:22
Ignorant PrayersMarcus Dods Matthew 20:22
Imperfect Self-EstimatesR. Tuck Matthew 20:22
Inconsiderate PetitionR. Tuck Matthew 20:22
A Mother's AmbitionW.F. Adeney Matthew 20:20-23
Ambition InsatiableC. H. Spurgeon.Matthew 20:20-28
Can Ye Drink of My Cup?J. Stewart.Matthew 20:20-28
Christ's Answer to Salome's PetitionH. B. Moffat, M. A.Matthew 20:20-28
Distinction in the KingdomJ.A. Macdonald Matthew 20:20-28
Divine RewardsBishop Huntingdon, D. D.Matthew 20:20-28
ElevationJ. Vaughan, M. A.Matthew 20:20-28
Ignorant RequestsLapide.Matthew 20:20-28
Like Master, Like ServantMatthew 20:20-28
Men Sometimes Know not What They AskJ. P. Lange, D. D.Matthew 20:20-28
Nearest to ChristDr. McLaren.Matthew 20:20-28
Nearness to Christ in HeavenDr. McLaren.Matthew 20:20-28
Nearness to Christ in Heaven not Mere FavouritismDr. McLaren.Matthew 20:20-28
Place-Seeking ParentsA. Barnes, D. D.Matthew 20:20-28
Right and Wrong PrayersJohn Trapp., Matthew Pool.Matthew 20:20-28
Salome's Petition for Her TwoB. W. Noel, M. A.Matthew 20:20-28
Salome's Petition for Zebedee's SonsMarcus Dods Matthew 20:20-28
The Church SphereJ. P. Lange, D. D.Matthew 20:20-28
The Divine Preparation of Heaven for MenDr. McLaren.Matthew 20:20-28
The Law of Rank and Position in God's KingdomGeo. Macdonald, M. A.Matthew 20:20-28
Ye Know not What Ye AskMatthew 20:20-28
People
David, Jesus, Zabdi, Zebedee
Places
Jericho, Jerusalem, Judea
Topics
Able, Answering, Asking, Baptism, Baptized, Cup, Drink, Idea, None, Replied, Requesting, Yourselves
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Matthew 20:22

     2411   cross, predictions

Matthew 20:20-22

     5719   mothers, responsibilities

Matthew 20:20-23

     1270   right hand of God
     5882   impartiality

Matthew 20:20-24

     7025   church, unity

Matthew 20:20-28

     2060   Christ, patience of
     5937   rivalry

Matthew 20:20-31

     5554   status

Matthew 20:22-23

     1135   God, suffering of
     4435   drinking
     5283   cup

Library
February 2. "And Whosoever Will be Great among You, Let Him be Your Minister. And Whosoever Will be Chief among You, Let Him be Your Servant" (Matt. xx. 26, 27).
"And whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister. And whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant" (Matt. xx. 26, 27). Slave is the literal meaning of the word, doulos. The first word used for service is diakanos, which means a minister to others in any usual way or work: but the word doulos means a bond slave, and the Lord here plainly teaches us that the highest service is that of a bond slave. He Himself made Himself the servant of all, and he who would come
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

Nearest to Christ
'To sit on My right hand, and on My left, is not Mine to give, but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared of My Father.'--MATT. xx. 23. You will observe that an unusually long supplement is inserted by our translators in this verse. That supplement is quite unnecessary, and, as is sometimes the case, is even worse than unnecessary. It positively obscures the true meaning of the words before us. As they stand in our Bibles, the impression that they leave upon one's mind is that Christ in
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Servant-Lord and his Servants
'Even as the Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister.'--MATT. xx. 28. It seems at first sight strangely unsympathetic and irrelevant that the ambitious request of James and John and their foolish mother, that they should sit at Christ's right hand and His left in His kingdom, should have been occasioned by, and have followed immediately upon, our Lord's solemn and pathetic announcement of His sufferings. But the connection is not difficult to trace. The disciples believed that,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

What the Historic Christ Taught About his Death
'The Son of Man came... to give His life a ransom for many.'--Matt. xx. 28. We hear a great deal at present about going back to 'the Christ of the Gospels.' In so far as that phrase and the movement of thought which it describes are a protest against the substitution of doctrines for the Person whom the doctrines represent, I, for one, rejoice in it. But I believe that the antithesis suggested by the phrase, and by some of its advocates avowed, between the Christ of the Gospels and the Christ of
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Blind Bartimeus
Mark 10:52 -- "And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way." When the apostle Peter was recommending Jesus of Nazareth, in one of his sermons to the Jews, he gave him a short, but withal a glorious and exalted character, "That we went about doing good." He went about, he sought occasions of doing good; it was his meat and drink to do the works of him that sent him, whilst the day of his public administration
George Whitefield—Selected Sermons of George Whitefield

Delivered on the Lord's Day, on that which is Written in the Gospel, Matt. xx. 1, "The Kingdom of Heaven is Like unto a Man That
1. Ye have heard out of the Holy Gospel a parable well suited to the present season, concerning the labourers in the vineyard. For now is the time of the material [2841] vintage. Now there is also a spiritual vintage, wherein God rejoiceth in the fruit of His vineyard. For we cultivate God, and God cultivateth us. [2842] But we do not so cultivate God as to make Him any better thereby. For our cultivation is the labour of the heart, not of the hands. [2843] He cultivateth us as the husbandman doth
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On the Words of the Gospel, Matt. xx. 30, About the Two Blind Men Sitting by the Way Side, and Crying Out, "Lord, have Mercy On
1. Ye know, Holy Brethren, full well as we do, that our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ is the Physician of our eternal health; and that to this end He took the weakness of our nature, that our weakness might not last for ever. For He assumed a mortal body, wherein to kill death. And, "though He was crucified through weakness," as the Apostle saith, "yet He liveth by the power of God." [2870] They are the words too of the same Apostle; "He dieth no more, and death shall have no more dominion over Him."
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

Divine Sovereignty
We must assume, before we commence our discourse, one thing certain, namely, that all blessings are gifts and that we have no claim to them by our own merit. This I think every considerate mind will grant. And this being admitted, we shall endeavour to show that he has a right, seeing they are his own to do what he wills with them--to withhold them wholly is he pleaseth--to distribute them all if he chooseth--to give to some and not to others--to give to none or to give to all, just as seemeth good
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 2: 1856

The Private Thoughts and Words of Jesus
"And Jesus going up to Jerusalem took the twelve disciples apart in the way, and said unto them, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again."--Matthew 20:17-19. YOU HAVE THIS SAME STORY in Matthew and Mark and Luke, a little differently told; as would naturally be the case
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Particular Redemption
I begin this morning with the doctrine of Redemption. "He gave his life a ransom for many." The doctrine of Redemption is one of the most important doctrines of the system of faith. A mistake on this point will inevitably lead to a mistake through the entire system of our belief. Now, you are aware that there are different theories of Redemption. All Christians hold that Christ died to redeem, but all Christians do not teach the same redemption. We differ as to the nature of atonement, and as to
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

Sermon for Septuagesima Sunday
(From the Gospel for the day) In this Sermon following we are taught how we must perpetually press forward towards our highest good, without pause or rest; and how we must labour in the spiritual vineyard that it may bring forth good fruit. Matt. xx. 1.--"The kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard." THIS householder went out early at the first hour, and again at the third and at the sixth hours, and hired
Susannah Winkworth—The History and Life of the Reverend Doctor John Tauler

Augustine 354-430 -- the Recovery of Sight by the Blind
I. Ye know, holy brethren, full well as we do, that our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ is the physician of our eternal health; and that to this end we task the weakness of our natures, that our weakness might not last forever. For He assumed a mortal body, wherein to kill death. And, "though He was crucified through weakness," as the apostle saith, yet He "liveth by the power of God." They are the words, too, of the same apostle: "He dieth no more, death hath no more dominion over Him." These things,
Various—The World's Great Sermons, Volume I

The Historical Books of the New Testament, Meaning Thereby the Four Gospels and the Acts...
The historical books of the New Testament, meaning thereby the four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles, are quoted, or alluded to, by a series of Christian writers, beginning with those who were contemporary with the apostles, or who immediately followed them, and proceeding in close and regular succession from their time to the present. The medium of proof stated in this proposition is, of all others, the most unquestionable, the least liable to any practices of fraud, and is not diminished by
William Paley—Evidences of Christianity

The Johannine Writings
BY the Johannine writings are meant the Apocalypse and the fourth gospel, as well as the three catholic epistles to which the name of John is traditionally attached. It is not possible to enter here into a review of the critical questions connected with them, and especially into the question of their authorship. The most recent criticism, while it seems to bring the traditional authorship into greater uncertainty, approaches more nearly than was once common to the position of tradition in another
James Denney—The Death of Christ

Ci. Foretelling his Passion. Rebuking Ambition.
(Peræa, or Judæa, Near the Jordan.) ^A Matt. XX. 17-28; ^B Mark X. 32-45; ^C Luke XVIII. 31-34. ^b 32 And they were on the way, going up to Jerusalem [Dean Mansel sees in these words an evidence that Jesus had just crossed the Jordan and was beginning the actual ascent up to Jerusalem. If so, he was in Judæa. But such a construction strains the language. Jesus had been going up to Jerusalem ever since he started in Galilee, and he may now have still be in Peræa. The parable
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Cii. Bartimæus and his Companion Healed.
(at Jericho.) ^A Matt. XX. 29-34; ^B Mark X. 46-52; ^C Luke XVIII. 35-43. ^c 35 And it came to pass, as he drew nigh unto Jericho, a certain blind man sat by the way side begging: 36 and hearing a multitude going by, he inquired what this meant. 37 And they told him that Jesus of Nazareth passeth by. [Jesus came from the Jordan, and was entering Jericho by its eastern gate. As the crowd following Jesus passed by, Bartimæus asked its meaning and learned of the presence of Jesus. Jesus on this
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The vineyard Labourers.
"For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard. And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard. And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the market-place, and said unto them; Go ye also into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right I will give you. And they went their way. Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour, and did likewise.
William Arnot—The Parables of Our Lord

Gregory the Great, Bishop of Rome.
IT pleased God, to whom all his works are known from eternity, to prepare Gregory by a twofold process, for the great and difficult work of the guidance of the Western Church, then agitated by so many storms. Destined to be plunged into the midst of an immense multitude of avocations of the most varied character, he was trained to bear such a burden by administering, until his fortieth year, an important civil office. Then, yielding to a long-felt yearning of his heart, he retired into a monastery,
Augustus Neander—Light in the Dark Places

The Blessing of Being with Good People. How Certain Illusions were Removed.
1. I began gradually to like the good and holy conversation of this nun. How well she used to speak of God! for she was a person of great discretion and sanctity. I listened to her with delight. I think there never was a time when I was not glad to listen to her. She began by telling me how she came to be a nun through the mere reading of the words of the Gospel "Many are called, and few are chosen." [1] She would speak of the reward which our Lord gives to those who forsake all things for His
Teresa of Avila—The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus

Why Men do not Attain Quickly to the Perfect Love of God. Of Four Degrees of Prayer. Of the First Degree. The Doctrine Profitable for Beginners,
1. I speak now of those who begin to be the servants of love; that seems to me to be nothing else but to resolve to follow Him in the way of prayer, who has loved us so much. It is a dignity so great, that I have a strange joy in thinking of it; for servile fear vanishes at once, if we are, as we ought to be, in the first degree. O Lord of my soul, and my good, how is it that, when a soul is determined to love Thee--doing all it can, by forsaking all things, in order that it may the better occupy
Teresa of Avila—The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus

The First Last, and the Last First
"But many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first."--Matthew 19:30. "So the last shall be first, and the first last."--Matthew 20:16. WE MUST BE SAVED if we would serve the Lord. We cannot serve God in an unsaved condition. "They that are in the flesh cannot please God." It is vain for them to attempt service while they are still at enmity against God. The Lord wants not enemies to wait upon him, nor slaves to grace his throne. We must be saved first; and salvation is all of grace.
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Christ's Resurrection and Our Newness of Life
The idea that the grace of God should lead us to licentiousness is utterly loathsome to every Christian man. We cannot endure it. The notion that the doctrines of grace give license to sin, comes from the devil, and we scout it with a detestation more deep than words can express. "How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein?" On our first entrance upon a Christian profession, we are met by the ordinance of baptism, which teaches the necessity of purification. Baptism is, in its very
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

The Compassion of Jesus
THIS is said of Christ Jesus several times in the New Testament. The original word is a very remarkable one. It is not found in classic Greek. It is not found in the Septuagint. The fact is, it was a word coined by the evangelists themselves. They did not find one in the whole Greek language that suited their purpose, and therefore they had to make one. It is expressive of the deepest emotion; a striving of the bowels--a yearning of the innermost nature with pity. As the dictionaries tell us-- Ex
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 60: 1914

Links
Matthew 20:22 NIV
Matthew 20:22 NLT
Matthew 20:22 ESV
Matthew 20:22 NASB
Matthew 20:22 KJV

Matthew 20:22 Commentaries

Bible Hub
Matthew 20:21
Top of Page
Top of Page