Mark 11:28

"By what authority are You doing these things?" they asked. "And who gave You the authority to do them?"

Study Bible

By what authority
The Greek word for "authority" here is "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which implies not just power but the rightful power to act. In the context of first-century Judea, authority was a significant concept, often associated with religious leaders, such as the Pharisees and Sadducees, who derived their authority from the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders. Jesus' authority, however, was divine and inherent, not derived from human institutions. This question challenges Jesus' divine authority, which He demonstrated through His teachings and miracles, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and revealing His identity as the Son of God.

are You doing these things?
The phrase "these things" refers to Jesus' actions in the temple, particularly His cleansing of the temple and His teachings. The religious leaders were questioning the legitimacy of His actions, which disrupted the established religious order. Historically, the temple was the center of Jewish worship and authority, and any challenge to its practices was seen as a challenge to the religious leaders' power. Jesus' actions symbolized a new covenant and a shift from the old ways, emphasizing a direct relationship with God rather than ritualistic practices.

they asked
The "they" in this context refers to the chief priests, scribes, and elders. These groups represented the Sanhedrin, the highest Jewish council and court in Jerusalem. Their questioning of Jesus was not merely inquisitive but confrontational, as they sought to undermine His influence and authority among the people. This reflects the broader tension between Jesus and the religious establishment, which ultimately led to His crucifixion. Their question was a strategic attempt to trap Jesus into making a statement they could use against Him.

And who gave You the authority
This part of the question seeks to identify the source of Jesus' authority. In Jewish tradition, authority was often passed down through lineage or granted by recognized religious leaders. By asking this, the religious leaders were implying that Jesus lacked legitimate authority because He did not receive it from them. However, Jesus' authority was divine, as He was sent by God the Father. This question highlights the religious leaders' inability to recognize Jesus' divine mission and their focus on human traditions over spiritual truth.

to do them?
The "them" refers again to Jesus' actions, particularly His authoritative teaching and His cleansing of the temple. This question underscores the religious leaders' concern with maintaining control and their fear of losing influence over the people. Jesus' actions were a direct challenge to their authority and exposed the corruption and hypocrisy within the temple practices. His mission was to restore true worship and reveal the kingdom of God, which transcended the established religious order. This confrontation set the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Jesus' death and resurrection.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
Central figure in the passage, whose authority is being questioned by the religious leaders.

2. Chief Priests, Scribes, and Elders
Jewish religious leaders who challenge Jesus' authority in the temple.

3. Temple in Jerusalem
The setting of this confrontation, a significant place of worship and religious authority for the Jews.

4. The Question of Authority
The event revolves around the challenge to Jesus' authority, highlighting the tension between Jesus and the religious establishment.

5. The Context of the Cleansing of the Temple
This event follows Jesus' cleansing of the temple, which is a direct challenge to the religious leaders' authority and practices.

Teaching Points

Understanding Authority
Recognize that Jesus' authority is both divine and inherent, not derived from human institutions.

Challenge of Religious Tradition
Be aware of how religious traditions can sometimes conflict with divine authority and truth.

Courage in the Face of Opposition
Jesus' response to the religious leaders teaches us to stand firm in our convictions, even when challenged.

Discernment of True Authority
Learn to discern and respect true spiritual authority, which aligns with God's Word and character.

Submission to Christ's Authority
As believers, we are called to submit to Jesus' authority in all areas of our lives, acknowledging Him as Lord.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does this passage teach us about the nature of Jesus' authority, and how does it differ from human authority?

2. How can we apply Jesus' example of courage and conviction when our faith is challenged by societal or religious norms?

3. In what ways can we discern true spiritual authority in our lives and communities today?

4. How does understanding Jesus' authority impact our daily decisions and actions as followers of Christ?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to stand firm in your faith. How did Jesus' example of authority and courage inspire you in that situation?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 21:23-27 and Luke 20:1-8
Parallel accounts of the same event, providing additional context and details.

John 2:18-22
Another instance where Jesus' authority is questioned, specifically after He cleanses the temple.

Matthew 28:18
Jesus declares that all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Him, affirming His divine authority.

Acts 4:7-10
The apostles are questioned about their authority, similar to how Jesus was questioned, showing the continuation of this theme in the early church.

Colossians 2:9-10
Paul speaks of Christ's fullness of deity and authority, reinforcing the divine nature of Jesus' authority.