Mark 10:31

But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first."

Study Bible

But many who are first
This phrase introduces a paradox that is central to the teachings of Jesus. The Greek word for "first" is "πρῶτοι" (prōtoi), which can denote those who are prominent, leading, or of high status. In the context of the Roman Empire and Jewish society, being "first" often meant having wealth, power, or religious prestige. Jesus challenges the societal norms by suggesting that earthly status does not equate to spiritual favor. Historically, this would have been a radical statement, as the Jewish people often equated material blessings with God's favor.

will be last
The Greek word for "last" is "ἔσχατοι" (eschatoi), which can mean the least important or those at the end. This reversal of roles is a common theme in Jesus' teachings, emphasizing humility and servitude over pride and self-exaltation. The concept of the "last" being elevated is a call to discipleship that values self-denial and service to others. In the early Christian community, this teaching would have been a source of hope for those marginalized by society, affirming that God's kingdom operates on principles different from worldly systems.

and the last
Reiterating the term "ἔσχατοι" (eschatoi), Jesus emphasizes the reversal of expectations. This repetition underscores the certainty and importance of this divine principle. In the historical context, those considered "last" would include the poor, the sick, and sinners—those whom Jesus often ministered to and uplifted. This teaching aligns with the prophetic tradition found in the Hebrew Scriptures, where God often chooses the unlikely or the humble to accomplish His purposes.

will be first
The phrase concludes with the promise of exaltation for those who are humble and faithful. The Greek word "πρῶτοι" (prōtoi) is used again, but this time to describe the future status of those who are currently "last." This promise is not just for the future kingdom but begins in the present as believers live out the values of the kingdom of God. Theologically, this reflects the upside-down nature of God's kingdom, where true greatness is found in service and sacrifice, echoing Jesus' own life and mission. This teaching would have been a source of encouragement and motivation for early Christians facing persecution and hardship, reminding them of the eternal rewards that await those who follow Christ's example.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, Jesus is teaching His disciples about the nature of the Kingdom of God and the reversal of worldly values.

2. Disciples
The immediate audience of Jesus' teaching, who are learning about the cost of discipleship and the rewards in God's Kingdom.

3. The Rich Young Ruler
Earlier in Mark 10, Jesus encounters a rich young man, which sets the context for this teaching about the first and the last.

4. The Kingdom of God
The central theme of Jesus' teaching, emphasizing the values and priorities of God's reign.

5. The Worldly Order
The societal norms and values that prioritize wealth, status, and power, which Jesus contrasts with the values of the Kingdom.

Teaching Points

Reversal of Worldly Values
In God's Kingdom, the values of the world are turned upside down. Success is not measured by wealth or status but by humility and service.

Humility and Servanthood
Followers of Christ are called to adopt a posture of humility, serving others rather than seeking to be served.

Eternal Perspective
Believers are encouraged to focus on eternal rewards rather than temporary, worldly gains.

Trust in God's Justice
The promise that the last will be first assures us of God's ultimate justice and fairness, even when it seems absent in the world.

Encouragement for the Marginalized
This teaching offers hope and encouragement to those who feel overlooked or undervalued in society.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the context of the rich young ruler's account in Mark 10 help us understand the meaning of "the first will be last, and the last will be first"?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of being "last" in our daily lives, especially in our workplaces or communities?

3. How does the teaching in Mark 10:31 challenge our understanding of success and achievement?

4. Can you identify a situation in your life where you need to trust in God's justice, believing that the last will be first?

5. How do the additional scriptures (e.g., Philippians 2:5-11) deepen our understanding of humility and servanthood as taught by Jesus in Mark 10:31?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 19:30 and 20:16
These passages parallel Mark 10:31, reinforcing the theme of reversal in the Kingdom of God.

Luke 13:30
Another instance where Jesus speaks of the first being last and the last being first, highlighting the inclusivity and unexpected nature of God's Kingdom.

Philippians 2:5-11
Paul describes the humility of Christ, who, though being in very nature God, took the form of a servant, exemplifying the principle of the last being first.

James 4:10
Encourages believers to humble themselves before the Lord, aligning with the teaching that those who are last will be exalted.

1 Corinthians 1:27-29
Paul speaks of God choosing the foolish and weak things of the world to shame the wise and strong, illustrating the reversal of worldly values.