John 1:17

For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

Study Bible

For the law
The term "law" here refers to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, which were given to the Israelites through Moses. The Greek word for "law" is "nomos," which signifies a set of rules or principles. Historically, the law was central to Jewish life and worship, serving as a guide for moral and religious conduct. It was seen as a divine gift that set Israel apart as God's chosen people. The law was not merely a set of rules but a covenantal relationship between God and His people, highlighting His holiness and their need for obedience.

was given through Moses
Moses is a pivotal figure in the Old Testament, chosen by God to lead the Israelites out of Egyptian bondage and to receive the law on Mount Sinai. The phrase "was given" underscores the divine origin of the law, emphasizing that it was not a human invention but a revelation from God. Moses acted as a mediator between God and the people, a role that foreshadows the ultimate mediation of Christ. The giving of the law through Moses established a foundation for understanding God's standards and the need for a savior.

grace and truth
In contrast to the law, "grace and truth" are presented as coming through Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "grace" is "charis," which conveys the idea of unmerited favor, kindness, and divine assistance. "Truth," from the Greek "aletheia," signifies reality, faithfulness, and reliability. Together, these terms encapsulate the fullness of God's revelation in Christ. Grace represents the unearned love and mercy of God, while truth embodies the ultimate reality and faithfulness of God's promises. This pairing highlights the completeness and perfection of Christ's work, fulfilling the law and offering a new covenant.

came through Jesus Christ
The phrase "came through" indicates the means by which grace and truth are realized. Jesus Christ is the embodiment of both, fulfilling the law and revealing God's character in a way that the law alone could not. The name "Jesus" means "Yahweh saves," and "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of "Messiah," meaning "anointed one." This underscores His divine mission and identity as the Savior. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Jesus provides the ultimate revelation of God's grace and truth, offering salvation to all who believe. This marks a new era in God's redemptive plan, where the law is not abolished but fulfilled in the person and work of Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
A central figure in the Old Testament, Moses is the prophet through whom God gave the Law to the Israelites. He represents the old covenant and the foundation of Jewish religious practice.

2. Jesus Christ
The central figure of the New Testament, Jesus is the Son of God who embodies grace and truth. His coming marks the fulfillment and surpassing of the Law given through Moses.

3. The Law
Refers to the commandments and regulations given by God to the Israelites through Moses. It served as a guide for righteous living and a means to reveal human sinfulness.

4. Grace
In the Greek, "charis" refers to the unmerited favor and love of God towards humanity, fully expressed in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

5. Truth
In the Greek, "aletheia" signifies the ultimate reality and faithfulness of God, revealed in Jesus Christ, who is the way, the truth, and the life.

Teaching Points

The Fulfillment of the Law
Jesus did not abolish the Law but fulfilled it, bringing a new covenant of grace and truth. Believers are called to live in the freedom and righteousness that comes through faith in Christ.

Grace Over Law
While the Law reveals sin, grace offers redemption. Christians are encouraged to rely on God's grace for salvation and daily living, rather than attempting to earn favor through legalistic adherence.

Truth in Christ
Jesus embodies the truth of God, providing a reliable foundation for faith and practice. Believers are urged to seek truth in Christ and live according to His teachings.

The Role of the Law Today
The Law serves as a moral guide and reveals the holiness of God, but it is through grace that believers are empowered to live righteously.

Living in Grace and Truth
Christians are called to reflect the grace and truth of Jesus in their interactions with others, demonstrating love, forgiveness, and integrity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the role of Moses and the Law enhance our appreciation of the grace and truth brought by Jesus Christ?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are living under grace rather than falling back into legalism?

3. How does the concept of truth in Jesus Christ challenge or affirm your current beliefs and practices?

4. What are some practical ways to reflect the grace and truth of Jesus in your daily life and relationships?

5. How can the teachings of Romans 5:20-21 and Galatians 3:24-25 deepen our understanding of the relationship between the Law and grace?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20
The giving of the Law through Moses at Mount Sinai, establishing the covenant between God and Israel.

Romans 5:20-21
Discusses how the Law was given to increase trespass, but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more through Jesus Christ.

Hebrews 3:1-6
Compares Moses and Jesus, highlighting Jesus as superior to Moses, as a son over God's house rather than a servant.

Galatians 3:24-25
Explains the purpose of the Law as a guardian until Christ came, so that we might be justified by faith.