James 4:9
Grieve, mourn, and weep. Turn your laughter to mourning, and your joy to gloom.
Grieve
The Greek word used here is "talaipōreō," which conveys a sense of deep distress and wretchedness. In the context of James, this call to grieve is a spiritual awakening to the seriousness of sin. Historically, grieving was a public and communal expression of sorrow, often associated with repentance. The call to grieve is a call to recognize the gravity of sin and the separation it causes between humanity and God. It is an invitation to a heartfelt repentance that acknowledges our need for divine grace.

Mourn
The Greek term "pentheō" is used, which means to lament or to feel sorrow. Mourning in the biblical sense often involved rituals such as wearing sackcloth and ashes, signifying humility and penitence. This mourning is not just an emotional response but a spiritual posture that aligns with the Beatitudes, where Jesus says, "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted" (Matthew 5:4). It is a mourning over personal sin and the brokenness of the world, leading to a deeper reliance on God's mercy.

Weep
The word "klaio" in Greek suggests a loud expression of grief. Weeping is a natural human response to loss and pain, and in this context, it is a call to express genuine sorrow for sin. The act of weeping is a physical manifestation of inner repentance and contrition. In biblical times, weeping was often a communal activity, reflecting shared sorrow and the need for communal repentance and restoration.

Turn your laughter to mourning
This phrase challenges the complacency and superficial joy that can arise from worldly pleasures. The Greek word for laughter, "gelōs," often implies a carefree or mocking attitude. James is urging believers to shift their focus from temporary, worldly happiness to a sober reflection on their spiritual state. This transformation is a call to prioritize eternal values over fleeting pleasures, recognizing that true joy comes from a right relationship with God.

Your joy to gloom
The Greek word for joy, "chara," typically denotes a deep-seated gladness. However, James contrasts this with "katepheia," meaning gloom or heaviness. This is not a call to a life devoid of joy but a redirection of what brings joy. The joy that comes from sinful indulgence or self-satisfaction is to be replaced with a somber awareness of one's spiritual condition. This transformation is essential for genuine repentance and spiritual renewal, leading to the true joy found in Christ.

Persons / Places / Events
1. James
The author of the epistle, traditionally identified as James, the brother of Jesus and a leader in the early Jerusalem church. He writes with authority and pastoral concern for the spiritual well-being of his readers.

2. Early Christian Communities
The recipients of the letter, likely Jewish Christians scattered outside of Palestine, facing trials and temptations that challenge their faith and conduct.

3. The Call to Repentance
This verse is part of a larger call to repentance, urging believers to recognize their sinfulness and turn back to God with sincere contrition.
Teaching Points
The Seriousness of Sin
Sin is not to be taken lightly. James calls for a deep emotional response to sin, recognizing its gravity and the separation it causes between us and God.

True Repentance
Repentance involves more than just feeling sorry; it requires a transformation of heart and mind, turning away from sin and towards God.

The Role of Emotions in Spiritual Life
Emotions like grief and mourning are appropriate responses to sin and can lead to spiritual growth and renewal when directed towards God.

Contrast with Worldly Joy
The world often promotes a superficial joy that ignores the reality of sin. True joy comes from reconciliation with God, which may first require a period of mourning.

Community and Accountability
The call to grieve and mourn is not just individual but communal, encouraging believers to support one another in the journey of repentance and spiritual growth.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding the gravity of sin change your perspective on daily choices and actions?

2. In what ways can you cultivate a heart of true repentance in your personal spiritual life?

3. How can the emotions of grief and mourning be used positively in your relationship with God?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to turn worldly joy into godly joy in your life?

5. How can you support others in your community who are going through a process of repentance and spiritual renewal?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Matthew 5:4
Jesus' teaching in the Beatitudes about those who mourn being blessed, as they will be comforted, aligns with the call to genuine repentance and the promise of divine comfort.

Joel 2:12-13
The prophet Joel calls for heartfelt repentance, urging people to return to God with fasting, weeping, and mourning, emphasizing the sincerity of repentance.

2 Corinthians 7:10
Paul speaks about godly sorrow leading to repentance, which brings salvation and leaves no regret, contrasting it with worldly sorrow.
War or Peace?T.F. Lockyer James 4:1-10
Answer to the DevilNew Cycle. of IllustrationsJames 4:7-10
Christian SubmissionPaley.James 4:7-10
Fighting the DevilR. South.James 4:7-10
Humble Submission to GodR. Turnbull.James 4:7-10
On Submission to GodH. Hunter.James 4:7-10
ResistJ. C. Lees, D. D.James 4:7-10
Resist the DevilR. A. Griffin.James 4:7-10
Resist the DevilR. Wardlaw, D. D.James 4:7-10
Resistance of EvilW. H. H. Murray.James 4:7-10
Submission to GodA. S. Patterson, D. D.James 4:7-10
Submission to GodSketches of SermonsJames 4:7-10
Submission to GodT. Manton.James 4:7-10
Submission to GodBp. Huntington.James 4:7-10
Submission to GodJames 4:7-10
Submission to GodC. Jerdan James 4:7-10
Submission to God's WillJames 4:7-10
Submitting Ourselves to GodJohn Adam.James 4:7-10
Temptation Sometimes SubtleJeremy Taylor, D. D.James 4:7-10
The Christian ChampionA. W. Shape, M. A.James 4:7-10
The Devil Put to FlightJames 4:7-10
The Devil to be ResistedJames 4:7-10
The Duty and Advantages of Submission to GodB. Scott, M. A.James 4:7-10
The Reason Why Many Cannot Find PeaceC. H. Spurgeon.James 4:7-10
The Right WarfareHomilistJames 4:7-10
Unconditional SurrenderC. H. Spurgeon.James 4:7-10
Yielding Ourselves Up to GodJames 4:7-10
People
James
Places
Dispersion
Topics
Afflict, Afflicted, Aloud, Change, Dejection, Exceeding, Gladness, Gloom, Grief, Heaviness, Joy, Lament, Laughing, Laughter, Miserable, Mourn, Mourning, Shame, Sorrow, Troubled, Wail, Weep, Weeping, Wretched, Yourselves
Dictionary of Bible Themes
James 4:9

     5900   laughter
     5952   sorrow

James 4:7-10

     6733   repentance, nature of
     8466   reformation

James 4:8-10

     2425   gospel, requirements

Library
December 29 Evening
Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you.--JAMES 4:8. Enoch walked with God.--Can two walk together, except they be agreed?--It is good for me to draw near to God. The Lord is with you, while ye be with him: and if ye seek him, he will be found of you: but if ye forsake him, he will forsake you. When they in their trouble did turn unto the Lord God of Israel, and sought him, he was found of them. For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of peace, and not of
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

December 26. "The Spirit that Dwelleth in us Lusteth to Envy" (James iv. 5).
"The Spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy" (James iv. 5). This beautiful passage has been unhappily translated in our Revised Version: "The Spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy." It ought to be, "The Spirit that dwelleth in us loveth us to jealousy." It is the figure of a love that suffers because of its intense regard for the loved object. The Holy Ghost is so anxious to accomplish in us and for us the highest will of God, and to receive from us the truest love for Christ, our Divine
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

December 19. "God Giveth Grace unto the Humble" (James iv. 6).
"God giveth grace unto the humble" (James iv. 6). One of the marks of highest worth is deep lowliness. The shallow nature, conscious of its weakness and insufficiency, is always trying to advertise itself and make sure of its being appreciated. The strong nature, conscious of its strength, is willing to wait and let its work be made manifest in due time. Indeed, the truest natures are so free from all self-consciousness and self-consideration that their object is not to be appreciated, understood
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

April 4. "Resist the Devil and He Will Flee" (James iv. 7).
"Resist the devil and he will flee" (James iv. 7). Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. This is a promise, and God will keep it to us. If we resist the adversary, He will compel him to flee, and will give us the victory. We can, at all times, fearlessly stand up in defiance, in resistance to the enemy, and claim the protection of our heavenly King just as a citizen would claim the protection of the government against an outrage or injustice on the part of violent men. At the same time we
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Approbation of Goodness is not the Love of It.
ROMANS ii. 21--23.--"Thou therefore which, teachest another, teachest Thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal? thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege? thou that makest thy boast of the law, through, breaking the law dishonorest thou God?" The apostle Paul is a very keen and cogent reasoner. Like a powerful logician who is confident that he has the truth upon his side,
William G.T. Shedd—Sermons to the Natural Man

God's Will About the Future
EDITOR'S NOTE: This Sermon was published the week of Spurgeon's death. The great preacher died in Mentone, France, January 31, 1892. This and the next few Sermons in the Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit were printed with a black mourning band circling the margins. A footnote appeared from the original editors, commenting on the providential selection of this message for that particular week: * It is remarkable that the sermon selected for this week should be so peculiarly suitable for the present trying
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 38: 1892

The Lack of Prayer
"Ye have not, because ye ask not."--JAS. iv. 2. "And He saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor."--ISA. lix. 16. "There is none that calleth upon Thy name, that stirreth up himself to take hold of Thee."--ISA. lxiv. 7. At our last Wellington Convention for the Deepening of the Spiritual Life, in April, the forenoon meetings were devoted to prayer and intercession. Great blessing was found, both in listening to what the Word teaches of their need and power, and in joining
Andrew Murray—The Ministry of Intercession

Addresses on Holiness,
IN EXETER HALL. FIRST ADDRESS. I think it must be self-evident to everyone present that it is the most important question that can possibly occupy the mind of man--how much like God we can be--how near to God we can come on earth preparatory to our being perfectly like Him, and living, as it were, in His very heart for ever and ever in Heaven. Anyone who has any measure of the Spirit of God, must perceive that this is the most important question on which we can concentrate our thoughts; and the
Catherine Booth—Godliness

But Though Prayer is Properly Confined to Vows and Supplications...
But though prayer is properly confined to vows and supplications, yet so strong is the affinity between petition and thanksgiving, that both may be conveniently comprehended under one name. For the forms which Paul enumerates (1 Tim. 2:1) fall under the first member of this division. By prayer and supplication we pour out our desires before God, asking as well those things which tend to promote his glory and display his name, as the benefits which contribute to our advantage. By thanksgiving we duly
John Calvin—Of Prayer--A Perpetual Exercise of Faith

"What is Your Life?"
"Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even as a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away."--JAS. iv. 14. AN OLD YEAR SERMON TO-MORROW, the first day of a new year, is a day of wishes. To-day, the last day of an old year, is a day of questions. Tomorrow is a time of anticipation; to-day a time of reflection. To-morrow our thoughts will go away out to the coming opportunities, and the larger vistas which the future is opening up to even
Henry Drummond—The Ideal Life

The Right to My Own Time
"Come now, ye that say, Today or tomorrow we will go into this city, and spend a year there, and trade, and get gain: whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow.... For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall both live, and do this or that."--James 4:13-15 "Mrs. Ning and I are going out to see Grandma Woo, who has been sick. Wouldn't you like to come too?" I was sitting at my desk, with all the paraphernalia of Chinese study spread out before me. I looked at my desk, looked at the
Mabel Williamson—Have We No Rights?

Next Let not Man, Now that He Knoweth that by the Grace of God...
44. Next let not man, now that he knoweth that by the grace of God he is what he is, fall into another snare of pride, so as by lifting up himself for the very grace of God to despise the rest. By which fault that other Pharisee both gave thanks unto God for the goods which he had, and yet vaunted himself above the Publican confessing his sins. What therefore should a virgin do, what should she think, that she vaunt not herself above those, men or women, who have not this so great gift? For she ought
St. Augustine—Of Holy Virginity.

Whether Strife is a Daughter of Anger?
Objection 1: It would seem that strife is not a daughter of anger. For it is written (James 4:1): "Whence are wars and contentions? Are they not . . . from your concupiscences, which war in your members?" But anger is not in the concupiscible faculty. Therefore strife is a daughter, not of anger, but of concupiscence. Objection 2: Further, it is written (Prov. 28:25): "He that boasteth and puffeth up himself, stirreth up quarrels." Now strife is apparently the same as quarrel. Therefore it seems
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Quarreling is Opposed to the virtue of Friendship or Affability?
Objection 1: It seems that quarreling is not opposed to the virtue of friendship or affability. For quarreling seems to pertain to discord, just as contention does. But discord is opposed to charity, as stated above ([3236]Q[37], A[1]). Therefore quarreling is also. Objection 2: Further, it is written (Prov. 26:21): "An angry man stirreth up strife." Now anger is opposed to meekness. Therefore strife or quarreling is also. Objection 3: Further, it is written (James 4:1): "From whence are wars and
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Backbiting is a Graver Sin than Tale-Bearing?
Objection 1: It would seem that backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing. For sins of word consist in speaking evil. Now a backbiter speaks of his neighbor things that are evil simply, for such things lead to the loss or depreciation of his good name: whereas a tale-bearer is only intent on saying what is apparently evil, because to wit they are unpleasant to the hearer. Therefore backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing. Objection 2: Further, he that deprives. a man of his good name, deprives
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Every Sin Includes an Action?
Objection 1: It would seem that every sin includes an action. For as merit is compared with virtue, even so is sin compared with vice. Now there can be no merit without an action. Neither, therefore, can there be sin without action. Objection 2: Further, Augustine says (De Lib. Arb. iii, 18) [*Cf. De Vera Relig. xiv.]: So "true is it that every sin is voluntary, that, unless it be voluntary, it is no sin at all." Now nothing can be voluntary, save through an act of the will. Therefore every sin implies
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether the Reason Can be Overcome by a Passion, against Its Knowledge?
Objection 1: It would seem that the reason cannot be overcome by a passion, against its knowledge. For the stronger is not overcome by the weaker. Now knowledge, on account of its certitude, is the strongest thing in us. Therefore it cannot be overcome by a passion, which is weak and soon passes away. Objection 2: Further, the will is not directed save to the good or the apparent good. Now when a passion draws the will to that which is really good, it does not influence the reason against its knowledge;
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether the Gift of Knowledge is Practical Knowledge?
Objection 1: It would seem that the knowledge, which is numbered among the gifts, is practical knowledge. For Augustine says (De Trin. xii, 14) that "knowledge is concerned with the actions in which we make use of external things." But the knowledge which is concerned about actions is practical. Therefore the gift of knowledge is practical. Objection 2: Further, Gregory says (Moral. i, 32): "Knowledge is nought if it hath not its use for piety . . . and piety is very useless if it lacks the discernment
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Omission is a Special Sin?
Objection 1: It would seem that omission is not a special sin. For every sin is either original or actual. Now omission is not original sin, for it is not contracted through origin nor is it actual sin, for it may be altogether without act, as stated above ([2975]FS, Q[71], A[5]) when we were treating of sins in general. Therefore omission is not a special sin. Objection 2: Further, every sin is voluntary. Now omission sometimes is not voluntary but necessary, as when a woman is violated after taking
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether a Movement of Faith is Required for the Justification of the Ungodly?
Objection 1: It would seem that no movement of faith is required for the justification of the ungodly. For as a man is justified by faith, so also by other things, viz. by fear, of which it is written (Ecclus. 1:27): "The fear of the Lord driveth out sin, for he that is without fear cannot be justified"; and again by charity, according to Lk. 7:47: "Many sins are forgiven her because she hath loved much"; and again by humility, according to James 4:6: "God resisteth the proud and giveth grace to
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Humility is the Greatest of the virtues?
Objection 1: It would seem that humility is the greatest of the virtues. For Chrysostom, expounding the story of the Pharisee and the publican (Lk. 18), says [*Eclog. hom. vii de Humil. Animi.] that "if humility is such a fleet runner even when hampered by sin that it overtakes the justice that is the companion of pride, whither will it not reach if you couple it with justice? It will stand among the angels by the judgment seat of God." Hence it is clear that humility is set above justice. Now justice
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Pride is the Most Grievous of Sins?
Objection 1: It would seem that pride is not the most grievous of sins. For the more difficult a sin is to avoid, the less grievous it would seem to be. Now pride is most difficult to avoid; for Augustine says in his Rule (Ep. ccxi), "Other sins find their vent in the accomplishment of evil deeds, whereas pride lies in wait for good deeds to destroy them." Therefore pride is not the most grievous of sins. Objection 2: Further, "The greater evil is opposed to the greater good," as the Philosopher
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether it was Fitting that the Mother of God Should Go to the Temple to be Purified?
Objection 1: It would seem that it was unfitting for the Mother of God to go to the Temple to be purified. For purification presupposes uncleanness. But there was no uncleanness in the Blessed Virgin, as stated above (QQ[27],28). Therefore she should not have gone to the Temple to be purified. Objection 2: Further, it is written (Lev. 12:2-4): "If a woman, having received seed, shall bear a man-child, she shall be unclean seven days"; and consequently she is forbidden "to enter into the sanctuary
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether Christ Should have Been Baptized in the Jordan?
Objection 1: It would seem that Christ should not have been baptized in the Jordan. For the reality should correspond to the figure. But baptism was prefigured in the crossing of the Red Sea, where the Egyptians were drowned, just as our sins are blotted out in baptism. Therefore it seems that Christ should rather have been baptized in the sea than in the river Jordan. Objection 2: Further, "Jordan" is interpreted a "going down." But by baptism a man goes up rather than down: wherefore it is written
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

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