Hebrews 10:30

For we know Him who said, "Vengeance is Mine; I will repay," and again, "The Lord will judge His people."

Study Bible

For we know Him who said
This phrase introduces the authority behind the statement that follows. The Greek word for "know" (οἴδαμεν, oidamen) implies a deep, intimate understanding, not just intellectual awareness. It suggests that the audience is familiar with God's character and His words, as revealed in Scripture. This knowledge is rooted in a relationship with God, emphasizing the importance of knowing Him personally and understanding His nature as just and righteous.

Vengeance is Mine; I will repay
This is a direct quotation from Deuteronomy 32:35, where God declares His sovereign right to execute justice. The Greek word for "vengeance" (ἐκδίκησις, ekdikēsis) refers to retributive justice, not human revenge. It underscores God's role as the ultimate judge who will right all wrongs. The phrase "I will repay" assures believers that God will address injustices in His perfect timing. This is a call to trust in God's justice rather than taking matters into our own hands.

says the Lord
This phrase affirms the divine authority of the statement. The Greek word for "Lord" (Κύριος, Kyrios) is used to denote God's supreme authority and power. It reminds readers that these are not merely human words but the pronouncement of the Almighty. This assurance from the Lord Himself provides comfort and confidence to believers, knowing that God is in control and His promises are trustworthy.

And again
This phrase indicates that the author is about to reinforce the previous statement with another scriptural reference. It shows the consistency and reliability of God's Word, as multiple passages affirm the same truth. This repetition serves to strengthen the argument and remind the audience of the certainty of God's justice.

The Lord will judge His people
This is a reference to Deuteronomy 32:36, emphasizing God's role as the judge of His covenant people. The Greek word for "judge" (κρίνει, krinei) involves both evaluation and decision-making. It highlights God's discernment and fairness in dealing with His people. This serves as both a warning and a comfort: a warning to those who stray from His ways and a comfort to those who remain faithful, knowing that God will ultimately vindicate them.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Author of Hebrews
Traditionally attributed to Paul, though the exact authorship is uncertain. The author writes to Jewish Christians to encourage them in their faith.

2. Jewish Christians
The primary audience of the letter, who were facing persecution and were tempted to revert to Judaism.

3. The Lord
Refers to God, who is the ultimate judge and avenger of wrongs.

4. Old Testament References
The verse quotes from Deuteronomy 32:35-36, where God speaks of His role as judge and avenger.

5. Judgment
A central theme in this passage, emphasizing God's righteous judgment and the accountability of His people.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Justice
Trust in God's perfect justice rather than seeking personal revenge. He knows all and will repay according to His righteousness.

The Role of Believers
As believers, we are called to live peaceably and leave judgment to God. Our role is to love and forgive, reflecting Christ's character.

Accountability to God
Recognize that God will judge His people. This should lead us to live in a manner worthy of our calling, with reverence and awe.

Encouragement in Persecution
For those facing injustice or persecution, this verse offers comfort that God sees and will act in His time.

Reflection on God's Character
Meditate on God's attributes of justice and mercy. His judgments are always fair and compassionate.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding God's role as judge and avenger affect your response to personal injustices?

2. In what ways can you apply the principle of leaving vengeance to God in your daily interactions?

3. How does the context of Deuteronomy 32:35-36 enhance your understanding of Hebrews 10:30?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to live peaceably with others, as encouraged in Romans 12:19?

5. How does the assurance of God's justice provide comfort in times of persecution or suffering?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 32:35-36
The original Old Testament context where God declares His role as the avenger and judge.

Romans 12:19
Paul echoes the same sentiment, urging believers not to take revenge but to leave room for God's wrath.

Psalm 135:14
Speaks of the Lord vindicating His people and having compassion on His servants.

2 Thessalonians 1:6-8
Describes God's justice in repaying those who trouble believers and providing relief to the afflicted.