Genesis 44:5

Is this not the cup my master drinks from and uses for divination? What you have done is wicked!'"

Study Bible

Is this not the cup
The phrase "Is this not the cup" refers to a specific object of significance in the narrative. In ancient Egyptian culture, cups were often used in rituals and were considered valuable. The Hebrew word for "cup" here is "גָּבִיעַ" (gavi'a), which can denote a bowl or goblet, often used in ceremonial contexts. This cup is central to the unfolding drama, symbolizing both Joseph's authority and the test of his brothers' integrity.

that my master drinks from
The phrase "that my master drinks from" emphasizes the personal connection and value of the cup to Joseph, who is referred to as "my master" by his steward. This highlights Joseph's elevated status in Egypt, second only to Pharaoh. The act of drinking from a cup in ancient times was not merely a mundane activity but often carried social and religious significance, indicating fellowship and covenant.

and uses for divination?
The use of the cup "for divination" introduces a complex element. The Hebrew word for divination is "נַחֵשׁ" (nachash), which can mean to practice divination or to observe signs. While divination was common in ancient Egypt, the Bible generally condemns it (Deuteronomy 18:10-12). This raises questions about Joseph's practices. However, it is likely that Joseph, who was known for his God-given ability to interpret dreams, did not actually practice divination but used this as a ruse to test his brothers.

What you have done
The phrase "What you have done" points to the accusation against Joseph's brothers. It implies a breach of trust and a moral failing. In the broader narrative, this accusation serves to bring the brothers to a point of self-reflection and repentance, echoing their earlier betrayal of Joseph.

is wicked!
The term "wicked" is translated from the Hebrew word "רָע" (ra), which means evil or morally wrong. This strong condemnation underscores the gravity of the alleged theft. In the biblical context, wickedness is not just a legal issue but a spiritual one, reflecting a heart turned away from God's righteousness. This accusation sets the stage for the brothers' eventual confession and reconciliation, highlighting themes of justice, mercy, and redemption.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Joseph
The governor of Egypt, who orchestrates the test of his brothers by placing his silver cup in Benjamin's sack.

2. Joseph's Brothers
The sons of Jacob, who are returning to Canaan with grain and are unaware of the cup in Benjamin's sack.

3. Benjamin
The youngest brother, in whose sack the cup is found, creating a crisis for the brothers.

4. Egypt
The land where Joseph has risen to power and where the events of this chapter unfold.

5. The Silver Cup
A symbol of Joseph's authority and a tool used in his test of his brothers' integrity and loyalty.

Teaching Points

Integrity and Testing
Joseph's test of his brothers highlights the importance of integrity. Believers are often tested in their faith and character, and these tests reveal true intentions and growth.

Divine Providence
Joseph's use of the cup for divination, though not condoned, serves God's greater plan. It reminds us that God can use even imperfect means to fulfill His purposes.

Repentance and Redemption
The brothers' reaction to the accusation and their willingness to stand by Benjamin show their growth and repentance from past sins. True repentance leads to redemption and restoration.

God's Sovereignty
The unfolding events demonstrate God's sovereignty in orchestrating circumstances for His purposes. Trusting in God's plan is crucial, even when situations seem dire.

Brotherly Love and Sacrifice
Judah's willingness to take Benjamin's place (later in the chapter) exemplifies sacrificial love, pointing to Christ's ultimate sacrifice for humanity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Joseph's test with the silver cup reveal the changes in his brothers since their earlier betrayal?

2. In what ways can we see God's hand at work in the events of Genesis 44, and how does this encourage us in our own lives?

3. How does the theme of integrity in this passage challenge us in our daily interactions and decisions?

4. What can we learn from Judah's response to the crisis with Benjamin, and how does it point to the concept of sacrificial love in the New Testament?

5. How do the events in Genesis 44 connect to the broader account of Joseph's life and God's plan for the nation of Israel?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 37
The account of Joseph's earlier life, including his dreams and his brothers' betrayal, sets the stage for the events in Genesis 44.

Genesis 42-43
These chapters provide context for the brothers' journey to Egypt and their interactions with Joseph, leading up to the test with the silver cup.

Exodus 20:15
The commandment against stealing connects to the accusation of theft in Genesis 44:5.

Proverbs 20:23
This verse speaks against dishonest scales, paralleling the theme of integrity and justice in Joseph's test.