Genesis 19:24
Then the LORD rained down sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah--from the LORD out of the heavens.
Then the LORD
The phrase "the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant name of God, emphasizing His sovereignty and authority. In Hebrew, this is "YHWH," the sacred tetragrammaton, which signifies God's eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction underscores that the actions that follow are divinely ordained and executed by the Creator Himself, highlighting His role as the ultimate judge of righteousness and sin.

rained down
The Hebrew verb used here is "matar," which means to rain or pour down. This imagery of rain, typically associated with life-giving water, is here inverted to depict destruction. It signifies the thoroughness and inescapability of divine judgment. The use of "rained down" suggests a deluge, a comprehensive and overwhelming act of divine intervention, reminiscent of the flood in Noah's time, but with fire instead of water.

sulfur and fire
The combination of "sulfur and fire" (Hebrew: "gophrith va'esh") is a powerful symbol of divine wrath and purification. Sulfur, often associated with brimstone, is a substance that burns with intense heat and was historically used in purification processes. Fire, a frequent biblical symbol of God's presence and judgment, represents both destruction and purification. Together, they illustrate the totality of God's judgment on sin and the purging of wickedness from the earth.

on Sodom and Gomorrah
These cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, have become synonymous with sin and moral corruption. Archaeological evidence suggests that these cities were located near the Dead Sea, an area known for its bitumen pits, which could naturally produce sulfurous fires. Historically, these cities were known for their prosperity and subsequent moral decay, serving as a warning against the dangers of turning away from God's commandments.

from the LORD
This repetition of "from the LORD" emphasizes the divine origin of the judgment. It is not a natural disaster or a random act of nature but a deliberate act of God. This phrase reinforces the idea that God is actively involved in the affairs of humanity, executing justice and upholding righteousness.

out of the heavens
The phrase "out of the heavens" indicates the source of the judgment as being from above, from the divine realm. In biblical cosmology, the heavens are the dwelling place of God, and actions originating from there carry the weight of divine authority. This imagery serves to remind the reader of God's omnipotence and His ability to intervene in the world in powerful and miraculous ways.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The LORD
The covenant name of God, Yahweh, who is the central figure executing judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah.

2. Sodom and Gomorrah
Two ancient cities known for their wickedness and sin, which led to their destruction by divine judgment.

3. Sulfur and Fire
The means of destruction used by God, symbolizing His wrath and judgment against sin.

4. Heavens
The origin of the divine judgment, indicating that this act was a direct intervention from God.
Teaching Points
God's Righteous Judgment
The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah serves as a powerful reminder of God's holiness and His intolerance of sin. It underscores the reality that God will judge sin and that His judgments are just.

The Seriousness of Sin
This event highlights the severity of sin and its consequences. It calls believers to examine their own lives and repent of any sin that separates them from God.

Divine Mercy and Warning
Before the destruction, God allowed Abraham to intercede for the cities, showing His willingness to spare them if righteous people were found. This teaches us about God's mercy and the importance of intercession.

The Certainty of God's Promises
Just as God fulfilled His promise to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah, He will fulfill all His promises, including those of salvation and judgment.

Living Righteously in a Wicked World
Believers are called to live righteously, even when surrounded by wickedness, trusting in God's protection and justice.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah illustrate the nature of God's judgment, and what implications does this have for our understanding of His character?

2. In what ways can the account of Sodom and Gomorrah serve as a warning for contemporary society, and how should Christians respond to this warning?

3. How does the intercession of Abraham in Genesis 18:22-33 demonstrate the power and importance of prayer in the face of impending judgment?

4. What lessons can we learn from Lot's experience in Sodom about living a godly life in a sinful environment?

5. How do the New Testament references to Sodom and Gomorrah enhance our understanding of God's judgment and the urgency of the gospel message?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 18:20-21
This passage provides the context for God's decision to investigate the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah, leading to their eventual destruction.

Luke 17:28-30
Jesus references the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah as a warning of the suddenness of His return and the judgment that will accompany it.

2 Peter 2:6
Peter uses the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of God's judgment on the ungodly, emphasizing the certainty of divine justice.

Jude 1:7
Jude highlights the cities' immorality and serves as a warning of eternal fire for those who pursue similar ungodly desires.
The Righteousness of God RevealedR.A. Redford Genesis 19:23-25
Destruction a Moral NecessityJ. Parker, D. D.Genesis 19:24-25
Lessons from the Destruction of SodomG. Gilfillan.Genesis 19:24-25
Site of the Cities of the PlainW. S. Smith, B. D.Genesis 19:24-25
The Destruction of SodomW. G. Sperry.Genesis 19:24-25
The Destruction of Sodom by God Through Natural AgenciesF. W. Robertson, M. A.Genesis 19:24-25
The Destruction of the Cities of the PlainT. H. Leale.Genesis 19:24-25
The Overthrow of SodomA. Maclaren, D. D.Genesis 19:24-25
The Probable Physical Causes of the Destruction of the Cities of the PlainSir J. William Dawson.Genesis 19:24-25
People
Abraham, Ammonites, Ben, Benammi, Lot, Moabites, Zoar
Places
Gomorrah, Sodom, Sodom and Gomorrah, Zoar
Topics
Brimstone, Burning, Caused, Fire, Flaming, Gomorrah, Gomor'rah, Heaven, Heavens, Rain, Rained, Raining, Sky, Smoke, Sodom, Sulfur
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Genesis 19:24

     4306   minerals
     4826   fire
     5493   retribution
     6237   sexual sin, nature of
     8739   evil, examples of

Genesis 19:1-29

     4224   cities of the plain

Genesis 19:23-25

     6125   condemnation, divine

Genesis 19:23-26

     4357   salt

Genesis 19:23-29

     4275   Sodom and Gomorrah

Genesis 19:24-25

     1310   God, as judge
     4113   angels, agents of judgment
     4369   sulphur
     5295   destruction
     8847   vulgarity
     9210   judgment, God's

Genesis 19:24-26

     1416   miracles, nature of
     5443   pillars

Library
The Swift Destroyer
'And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; lest them be consumed in the iniquity of the city. And while he lingered, the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; the Lord being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city. And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that He said, Escape for thy life; look not
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Ship on Fire --A Voice of Warning
"Thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shewed unto me in saving my life."--Genesis 19:19. HERE IS THE ALARM of mercy declaring the sinner's duty--"Escape for thy life." Here is the work of grace, and the gratitude of the sinner after he is saved. "Thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shewed unto me in saving my life." The other day, there sailed down the Thames as stout a vessel as had ever ploughed the deep. The good ship "Amazon," had sailed the broad Pacific many a time, and
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 10: 1864

Little Sins
It shall be my business this morning to answer this temptation, and try to put a sword in your hands wherewith to resist the enemy when he shall come upon you with this cry;-- "Is it not a little one?" and tempt you into sin because he leads you to imagine that there is but very little harm in it. "Is it not a little one?" With regard then to this temptation of Satan concerning the littleness of sin, I would make this first answer, the best of men have always been afraid of little sins. The holy
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

Some Man Will Say, "So Then any Thief Whatever is to be Accounted Equal...
19. Some man will say, "So then any thief whatever is to be accounted equal with that thief who steals with will of mercy?" Who would say this? But of these two it does not follow that any is good, because one is worse. He is worse who steals through coveting, than he who steals through pity: but if all theft be sin, from all theft we must abstain. For who can say that people may sin, even though one sin be damnable, another venial? but now we are asking, if a man shall do this or that, who will
St. Augustine—Against Lying

As Concerning Purity of Body; Here Indeed a Very Honorable Regard Seems to Come...
10. As concerning purity of body; here indeed a very honorable regard seems to come in the way, and to demand a lie in its behalf; to wit, that if the assault of the ravisher may be escaped by means of a lie, it is indubitably right to tell it: but to this it may easily be answered, that there is no purity of body except as it depends on integrity of mind; this being broken, the other must needs fall, even though it seem intact; and for this reason it is not to be reckoned among temporal things,
St. Augustine—On Lying

The Heavenly Footman; Or, a Description of the Man that Gets to Heaven:
TOGETHER WITH THE WAY HE RUNS IN, THE MARKS HE GOES BY; ALSO, SOME DIRECTIONS HOW TO RUN SO AS TO OBTAIN. 'And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that he said, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the plain: escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed.'--Genesis 19:17. London: Printed for John Marshall, at the Bible in Gracechurch Street, 1698. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. About forty years ago a gentleman, in whose company I had commenced my
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

But Some Man Will Say, Would Then those Midwives and Rahab have done Better...
34. But some man will say, Would then those midwives and Rahab have done better if they had shown no mercy, by refusing to lie? Nay verily, those Hebrew women, if they were such as that sort of persons of whom we ask whether they ought ever to tell a lie, would both eschew to say aught false, and would most frankly refuse that foul service of killing the babes. But, thou wilt say, themselves would die. Yea, but see what follows. They would die with an heavenly habitation for their incomparably more
St. Augustine—Against Lying

The Debt of Irenæus to Justin Martyr
If we are to proceed with safety in forming a judgment as to the relation between Justin and Irenæus in respect of the matter which they have in common, it will be necessary not merely to consider a number of selected parallels, but also to examine the treatment of a particular theme in the two writers. Let us set side by side, for example, c. 32 of Justin's First Apology with c. 57 of the Demonstration. Justin has been explaining to his Roman readers who the Jewish prophets were, and then
Irenæus—The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

The Sea of Sodom
The bounds of Judea, on both sides, are the sea; the western bound is the Mediterranean,--the eastern, the Dead sea, or the sea of Sodom. This the Jewish writers every where call, which you may not so properly interpret here, "the salt sea," as "the bituminous sea." In which sense word for word, "Sodom's salt," but properly "Sodom's bitumen," doth very frequently occur among them. The use of it was in the holy incense. They mingled 'bitumen,' 'the amber of Jordan,' and [an herb known to few], with
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

How the Married and the Single are to be Admonished.
(Admonition 28.) Differently to be admonished are those who are bound in wedlock and those who are free from the ties of wedlock. For those who are bound in wedlock are to be admonished that, while they take thought for each other's good, they study, both of them, so to please their consorts as not to displease their Maker; that they so conduct the things that are of this world as still not to omit desiring the things that are of God; that they so rejoice in present good as still, with earnest
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

The Disciple, -- Master, what is the Real Meaning of Service? is it that We...
The Disciple,--Master, what is the real meaning of service? Is it that we serve the Creator and then His creatures for His sake? Is the help of man, who is after all but a mere worm, of any value to God in caring for His great family, or does God stand in need of the help of man in protecting or preserving any of His creatures? The Master,--1. Service means the activity of the spiritual life and is the natural offering prompted by love. God, who is Love, is ever active in the care of His creation,
Sadhu Sundar Singh—At The Master's Feet

Jesus, My Rock.
When the storm and the tempest are raging around me, Oh! where shall I flee to be safe from their shock? There are walls which no mortal hands built to surround me, A Refuge Eternal,--'Tis JESUS MY ROCK! When my heart is all sorrow, and trials aggrieve me, To whom can I safely my secrets unlock? No bosom (save one) has the power to relieve me, The bosom which bled for me, JESUS MY ROCK! When Life's gloomy curtain, at last, shall close o'er me, And the chill hand of death unexpectedly knock, I will
John Ross Macduff—The Cities of Refuge: or, The Name of Jesus

The Apostles Chosen
As soon as he returned victorious from the temptation in the wilderness, Jesus entered on the work of his public ministry. We find him, at once, preaching to the people, healing the sick, and doing many wonderful works. The commencement of his ministry is thus described by St. Matt. iv: 23-25. "And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness, and all manner of disease among the people. And his fame went throughout
Richard Newton—The Life of Jesus Christ for the Young

And for Your Fearlessness against them Hold this Sure Sign -- Whenever There Is...
43. And for your fearlessness against them hold this sure sign--whenever there is any apparition, be not prostrate with fear, but whatsoever it be, first boldly ask, Who art thou? And from whence comest thou? And if it should be a vision of holy ones they will assure you, and change your fear into joy. But if the vision should be from the devil, immediately it becomes feeble, beholding your firm purpose of mind. For merely to ask, Who art thou [1083] ? and whence comest thou? is a proof of coolness.
Athanasius—Select Works and Letters or Athanasius

Epistle iv. To Cyriacus, Bishop.
To Cyriacus, Bishop. Gregory to Cyriacus, Bishop of Constantinople. We have received with becoming charity our common sons, George the presbyter and Theodore your deacon; and we rejoice that you have passed from the care of ecclesiastical business to the government of souls, since, according to the voice of the Truth, He that is faithful in a little will be faithful also in much (Luke xvi. 10). And to the servant who administers well it is said, Because thou hast been faithful over a few things,
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Letter Xlv (Circa A. D. 1120) to a Youth Named Fulk, who Afterwards was Archdeacon of Langres
To a Youth Named Fulk, Who Afterwards Was Archdeacon of Langres He gravely warns Fulk, a Canon Regular, whom an uncle had by persuasions and promises drawn back to the world, to obey God and be faithful to Him rather than to his uncle. To the honourable young man Fulk, Brother Bernard, a sinner, wishes such joy in youth as in old age he will not regret. 1. I do not wonder at your surprise; I should wonder if you were not suprised [sic] that I should write to you, a countryman to a citizen, a monk
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux—Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux

Triumph Over Death and the Grave
O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? The sting of death is sin: and the strength of sin is the law. But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. T he Christian soldier may with the greatest propriety, be said to war a good warfare (I Timothy 1:18) . He is engaged in a good cause. He fights under the eye of the Captain of his salvation. Though he be weak in himself, and though his enemies are many and mighty, he may do that which in other soldiers
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Journey to Jerusalem. Ten Lepers. Concerning the Kingdom.
(Borders of Samaria and Galilee.) ^C Luke XVII. 11-37. ^c 11 And it came to pass, as they were on their way to Jerusalem, that he was passing along the borders of Samaria and Galilee. [If our chronology is correct, Jesus passed northward from Ephraim about forty miles, crossing Samaria (here mentioned first), and coming to the border of Galilee. He then turned eastward along that border down the wady Bethshean which separates the two provinces, and crossed the Jordan into Peræa, where we soon
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Covenant of Works
Q-12: I proceed to the next question, WHAT SPECIAL ACT OF PROVIDENCE DID GOD EXERCISE TOWARDS MAN IN THE ESTATE WHEREIN HE WAS CREATED? A: When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him upon condition of perfect obedience, forbidding him to eat of the tree of knowledge upon pain of death. For this, consult with Gen 2:16, 17: And the Lord commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

The Hindrances to Mourning
What shall we do to get our heart into this mourning frame? Do two things. Take heed of those things which will stop these channels of mourning; put yourselves upon the use of all means that will help forward holy mourning. Take heed of those things which will stop the current of tears. There are nine hindrances of mourning. 1 The love of sin. The love of sin is like a stone in the pipe which hinders the current of water. The love of sin makes sin taste sweet and this sweetness in sin bewitches the
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Genesis
The Old Testament opens very impressively. In measured and dignified language it introduces the story of Israel's origin and settlement upon the land of Canaan (Gen.--Josh.) by the story of creation, i.-ii. 4a, and thus suggests, at the very beginning, the far-reaching purpose and the world-wide significance of the people and religion of Israel. The narrative has not travelled far till it becomes apparent that its dominant interests are to be religious and moral; for, after a pictorial sketch of
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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