Ezekiel 29:13

For this is what the Lord GOD says: At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the nations to which they were scattered.

Study Bible

For this is what the Lord GOD says
This phrase underscores the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "Adonai Yahweh" is used, emphasizing God's lordship and covenantal relationship with His people. It is a reminder that the words spoken are not of human origin but are divine, carrying the weight and certainty of God's unchanging nature. This introduction to the prophecy assures the listener of its truth and reliability.

At the end of forty years
The number forty in the Bible often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, or judgment. It is reminiscent of the Israelites' forty years in the wilderness (Numbers 14:33-34) and Jesus' forty days of temptation in the desert (Matthew 4:2). Here, it signifies a complete period of divine judgment upon Egypt, after which restoration is possible. This period reflects God's justice but also His mercy, as it is not indefinite.

I will gather the Egyptians
The act of gathering indicates restoration and redemption. In Hebrew, the word "qabats" is used, which means to collect or assemble. This reflects God's intention to bring back the Egyptians from their dispersion, showing His control over nations and His ability to restore them. It is a promise of hope and renewal, even for those who have been judged.

from the nations
This phrase highlights the extent of Egypt's dispersion. Historically, Egypt was a powerful nation, but due to God's judgment, they were scattered among various nations. This scattering is a consequence of their pride and idolatry, as seen in the broader context of Ezekiel's prophecies. Yet, it also sets the stage for their eventual regathering, demonstrating God's overarching plan for all nations.

to which they were scattered
The scattering of the Egyptians serves as a fulfillment of God's judgment. The Hebrew word "zarah" implies being dispersed or spread out. This scattering is both a physical and spiritual consequence of their actions. However, it also serves as a precursor to their gathering, illustrating the cyclical nature of judgment and redemption in God's dealings with humanity. It is a testament to God's ability to bring order out of chaos and to restore what was lost.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Ezekiel
A prophet of God who ministered to the Israelites during their Babylonian exile. He conveyed God's messages, including prophecies against foreign nations.

2. Egypt
A significant nation in biblical history, often seen as a symbol of worldly power and opposition to God's people. In this context, Egypt is under judgment but also promised restoration.

3. The Lord GOD
The sovereign deity of Israel, who pronounces judgment and restoration. His authority and plans are central to the prophecy.

4. Forty Years
A period often associated with testing, judgment, and renewal in the Bible. It signifies a complete cycle of divine discipline and restoration.

5. Nations
Refers to the various countries where the Egyptians were scattered. This scattering is part of God's judgment, but He promises to regather them.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
God controls the destinies of all nations, not just Israel. His plans encompass judgment and restoration according to His purposes.

The Purpose of Divine Judgment
Judgment serves as a means of correction and eventual restoration. It is not merely punitive but aims to bring about repentance and renewal.

Hope in Restoration
Even in judgment, God provides hope. The promise to regather Egypt after forty years shows His mercy and the possibility of redemption.

The Significance of Time in God's Plan
The forty-year period reflects God's perfect timing. Believers can trust that God's timing, though sometimes lengthy, is purposeful and complete.

God's Faithfulness to His Word
God's promises, whether of judgment or restoration, are sure. Believers can rely on His faithfulness to fulfill His word.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the prophecy of Egypt's restoration after forty years reflect God's character and His dealings with nations?

2. In what ways can the forty-year period of judgment and restoration be seen in other biblical accounts, and what lessons can we draw from them?

3. How does the promise of restoration for Egypt encourage us in our personal experiences of discipline and renewal?

4. What are some modern parallels to the scattering and regathering of nations, and how can we see God's hand in these events?

5. How can we apply the concept of God's sovereignty over nations to our understanding of current global events and our role as Christians in them?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Jeremiah 46
This chapter also contains prophecies against Egypt, highlighting God's judgment and eventual restoration, similar to Ezekiel's message.

Isaiah 19
Describes a future where Egypt will turn to the Lord, showing a broader theme of redemption for nations beyond Israel.

Deuteronomy 30:3
Speaks of God gathering His people from exile, paralleling the theme of restoration found in Ezekiel 29:13.