Definition and Composition
Tar is a dark, thick, and sticky substance derived from the distillation of organic materials such as wood or coal. In ancient times, it was primarily obtained from natural deposits or through the processing of bitumen, a naturally occurring form of tar. Tar was used for various purposes, including waterproofing, construction, and as an adhesive.

Biblical References
The use of tar is mentioned in several instances in the Bible, highlighting its significance in ancient construction and daily life.

1. Noah's Ark
One of the earliest references to tar in the Bible is found in the account of Noah's Ark. In Genesis 6:14, God instructs Noah: "Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; make rooms in the ark and coat it with pitch inside and out." The term "pitch" here refers to a form of tar used to waterproof the ark, ensuring its buoyancy and protection against the floodwaters. This use of tar underscores its importance in ancient engineering and its role in God's plan for preserving life.

2. The Tower of Babel
In Genesis 11:3, the construction of the Tower of Babel is described: "And they said to one another, 'Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.' So they used brick instead of stone, and tar instead of mortar." Here, tar served as a binding agent, demonstrating its utility in construction. The choice of tar over traditional mortar indicates its effectiveness and availability in the region.

3. The Basket of Moses
The account of Moses' infancy also involves the use of tar. In Exodus 2:3, Moses' mother places him in a basket coated with tar and pitch to protect him as he floats on the Nile: "But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch." This application of tar ensured the basket's waterproofing, safeguarding the future leader of Israel.

Symbolic and Theological Implications
The use of tar in these biblical narratives carries symbolic weight. In the account of Noah, tar represents God's provision and protection, enabling the ark to withstand the deluge. In the account of Moses, tar symbolizes divine preservation and deliverance, as the infant Moses is saved from Pharaoh's decree. The Tower of Babel, however, illustrates human pride and ambition, with tar being part of an effort to reach the heavens and make a name for themselves, ultimately leading to God's intervention and the scattering of peoples.

Cultural and Historical Context
In the ancient Near East, tar was a valuable resource due to its versatility and effectiveness. Its use in construction and waterproofing was well-documented in various cultures, including the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. The biblical references to tar align with archaeological findings that indicate its widespread use in the region during biblical times.

Conclusion
The use of tar in the Bible highlights its practical applications and its role in significant biblical events. Whether in the construction of Noah's Ark, the Tower of Babel, or the basket of Moses, tar served as a crucial material that facilitated God's plans and purposes throughout biblical history.