The altar and incense hold profound symbolic significance throughout the Bible, serving as central elements in the worship practices of ancient Israel and the early Christian church. These symbols are deeply intertwined with themes of sacrifice, prayer, and divine presence.

The Altar

The altar is a prominent fixture in biblical worship, representing a place of sacrifice and communion with God. In the Old Testament, altars were constructed for various purposes, including offerings, memorials, and divine encounters. The first mention of an altar is found in Genesis 8:20, where Noah builds an altar to the LORD after the flood. This act of worship signifies gratitude and a renewed covenant with God.

In the Tabernacle and later the Temple, the altar of burnt offering was central to the sacrificial system. It was here that the Israelites offered sacrifices to atone for sin and express devotion. The altar symbolized the need for atonement and the seriousness of sin, as well as God's provision for reconciliation. Leviticus 17:11 states, "For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement by the life."

The altar also served as a place of divine encounter and revelation. In Judges 6:24, Gideon builds an altar to the LORD and names it "The LORD Is Peace" after receiving assurance from God. Similarly, in 1 Kings 18, Elijah's confrontation with the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel culminates in a dramatic display of God's power at the altar, affirming His sovereignty.

Incense

Incense in the Bible is closely associated with prayer and the presence of God. The use of incense in worship is prescribed in Exodus 30:7-8, where Aaron is instructed to burn incense on the altar of incense every morning and evening. This perpetual offering symbolizes the continuous prayers of the people ascending to God.

The fragrant smoke of incense is often depicted as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, representing the acceptability of sincere worship and prayer. Psalm 141:2 captures this imagery: "May my prayer be set before You like incense, my uplifted hands like the evening offering."

In the New Testament, the symbolism of incense is further developed in the book of Revelation. Revelation 5:8 describes the twenty-four elders holding golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. This imagery underscores the idea that the prayers of believers are precious and continually presented before God.

Combined Symbolism

Together, the altar and incense encapsulate the dual aspects of worship: sacrifice and prayer. The altar signifies the need for atonement and the seriousness of approaching a holy God, while incense represents the ongoing communication and relationship between God and His people. Hebrews 13:10-15 reflects on this dual symbolism, encouraging believers to offer a "sacrifice of praise" through Jesus Christ, who is both the ultimate altar and the perfect sacrifice.

In summary, the altar and incense are rich in symbolic meaning, pointing to the necessity of atonement, the beauty of prayer, and the intimate relationship between God and His worshippers. These elements remind believers of the holiness of God and the privilege of approaching Him through the means He has provided.