Introduction

Fasting, a spiritual discipline involving abstention from food or drink, is a practice observed throughout the Bible. It serves as a means of humbling oneself before God, seeking divine guidance, expressing repentance, or preparing for spiritual endeavors. The question about fasting arises in various contexts within Scripture, highlighting its significance and the attitudes surrounding it.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, fasting is often associated with mourning, repentance, and seeking God's favor. One of the earliest references is found in the Book of Leviticus, where the Israelites are commanded to "afflict their souls" on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29-31). This affliction is traditionally understood as fasting, a practice that underscores the solemnity of seeking atonement for sins.

The prophet Joel calls for a fast as a response to impending judgment, urging the people to "return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning" (Joel 2:12). Similarly, the Book of Jonah records the city of Nineveh's collective fast as an act of repentance, which leads to God's mercy (Jonah 3:5-10).

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, fasting continues to hold spiritual significance, though its practice and purpose are further clarified by Jesus and the apostles. Jesus Himself fasted for forty days and nights in the wilderness, preparing for His public ministry (Matthew 4:2). This period of fasting underscores the importance of spiritual readiness and reliance on God.

The question about fasting is directly addressed in the Gospels when the disciples of John the Baptist inquire why Jesus' disciples do not fast. Jesus responds, "Can the wedding guests mourn while the bridegroom is with them? But the time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast" (Matthew 9:15). Here, Jesus indicates that fasting is appropriate in times of longing and anticipation for His return.

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus teaches about the proper attitude toward fasting, warning against hypocritical displays of piety. He instructs, "When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their reward" (Matthew 6:16). Instead, Jesus emphasizes fasting in secret, with sincerity and humility before God.

Apostolic Practice

The early church continued the practice of fasting, often in conjunction with prayer, as seen in the Book of Acts. The church at Antioch fasted and prayed before sending out Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journey (Acts 13:2-3). Similarly, Paul and Barnabas appointed elders in the churches with prayer and fasting (Acts 14:23).

Fasting is also mentioned in the context of spiritual warfare and preparation. Paul refers to fasting as part of his ministry hardships, indicating its role in spiritual discipline and endurance (2 Corinthians 6:5).

Conclusion

The question about fasting in the Bible reveals its multifaceted role as a spiritual discipline. It is a means of humbling oneself, seeking God's guidance, expressing repentance, and preparing for spiritual endeavors. While the practice of fasting is not mandated as a legalistic requirement, it remains a valuable tool for believers to draw closer to God and align their hearts with His purposes.