Introduction

In the Bible, "bread" is a significant symbol and staple of life, representing both physical sustenance and spiritual nourishment. It appears throughout the Scriptures, from the Old Testament to the New Testament, and holds deep theological and cultural significance.

Old Testament References

1. Provision and Sustenance: Bread is first mentioned in Genesis 3:19, where God tells Adam, "By the sweat of your brow you will eat your bread until you return to the ground." This highlights the necessity of labor for sustenance after the Fall. Bread is a symbol of God's provision, as seen in the account of the Israelites in the wilderness. In Exodus 16:4, God provides manna, described as "bread from heaven," to sustain the Israelites during their journey.

2. Offerings and Worship: Bread plays a crucial role in the sacrificial system and worship practices. The "showbread" or "bread of the Presence" was placed on a table in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple as an offering to God (Exodus 25:30). This bread symbolized God's covenant and His continual presence with His people.

3. Symbol of Hospitality and Fellowship: In ancient Near Eastern culture, sharing bread was an act of hospitality and fellowship. Abraham offers bread to the three visitors in Genesis 18:6, and Melchizedek, king of Salem, brings out bread and wine to bless Abram in Genesis 14:18.

New Testament References

1. Jesus as the Bread of Life: In the New Testament, Jesus Christ identifies Himself as the "bread of life." In John 6:35, Jesus declares, "I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to Me will never hunger, and whoever believes in Me will never thirst." This statement emphasizes Jesus as the source of spiritual sustenance and eternal life, fulfilling the symbolism of manna in the wilderness.

2. The Lord's Supper: Bread is central to the institution of the Lord's Supper, also known as Communion or the Eucharist. During the Last Supper, Jesus breaks bread and gives it to His disciples, saying, "This is My body, which is given for you; do this in remembrance of Me" (Luke 22:19). This act signifies the new covenant and the sacrificial death of Christ for the redemption of humanity.

3. Daily Dependence on God: The Lord's Prayer, taught by Jesus, includes the petition, "Give us this day our daily bread" (Matthew 6:11). This request underscores the believer's reliance on God for daily needs and sustenance, both physical and spiritual.

Theological Significance

Bread in the Bible is a profound symbol of God's provision, presence, and promise. It serves as a reminder of humanity's dependence on God for both physical sustenance and spiritual life. The imagery of bread culminates in the person and work of Jesus Christ, who offers Himself as the true bread from heaven, providing eternal life to all who believe in Him.