Incense holds a significant place in biblical symbolism, representing prayer, worship, and the presence of God. Its use is deeply rooted in the religious practices of ancient Israel and carries profound spiritual meaning throughout the Scriptures.

Old Testament Usage

In the Old Testament, incense is primarily associated with the Tabernacle and later the Temple worship. The Lord commanded Moses to make an altar of incense, as described in Exodus 30:1-10. This altar was placed before the veil that separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place, signifying the closeness of incense to the divine presence. The burning of incense was a daily ritual, performed by the priests as a perpetual offering before the Lord. Exodus 30:8 states, "When Aaron sets up the lamps at twilight, he must burn the incense perpetually before the LORD for the generations to come."

The composition of the incense was specific and sacred, as outlined in Exodus 30:34-38. It was a blend of spices, including stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense, and was considered holy. The prohibition against using this formula for personal use underscores its sanctity and exclusive dedication to God.

Incense also symbolizes the prayers of the faithful ascending to God. Psalm 141:2 reflects this imagery: "May my prayer be set before You like incense, my uplifted hands like the evening offering." This verse highlights the connection between incense and prayer, suggesting that just as incense rises and fills the air, so do the prayers of the righteous reach the ears of the Almighty.

New Testament Significance

In the New Testament, the symbolism of incense continues, particularly in the context of prayer and worship. The Book of Revelation provides a vivid depiction of incense in the heavenly realm. Revelation 5:8 describes the twenty-four elders holding golden bowls full of incense, "which are the prayers of the saints." This imagery reinforces the idea that incense represents the prayers of believers, cherished and preserved in the presence of God.

Furthermore, Revelation 8:3-4 presents an angel with a golden censer, offering incense with the prayers of all the saints on the golden altar before the throne. The smoke of the incense, together with the prayers, ascends before God, illustrating the intimate connection between divine worship and the intercessions of the faithful.

Symbolic Interpretations

The use of incense in Scripture carries several symbolic interpretations. Firstly, it signifies the holiness and purity required in approaching God. The fragrant aroma of incense represents the pleasing nature of sincere worship and prayer, acceptable to the Lord.

Secondly, incense symbolizes the mediation between God and humanity. Just as the smoke of incense creates a bridge between the earthly and the divine, so do the prayers of believers serve as a conduit for communication with God.

Lastly, incense reflects the sacrificial aspect of worship. The burning of incense involves the consumption of a valuable substance, mirroring the sacrificial offerings made to God. This act of offering something precious signifies devotion, reverence, and the desire to honor God with one's best.

In summary, the symbolism of incense in the Bible is rich and multifaceted, encompassing themes of prayer, worship, holiness, and divine presence. Its use in both the Old and New Testaments underscores its enduring significance in the spiritual life of God's people.