In biblical times, acts of violence, including striking with a stone or fist, are depicted in various contexts, often reflecting the moral and legal standards of the ancient Near Eastern societies. The Bible provides numerous instances where such actions are mentioned, each carrying significant implications within the narrative and legal framework of the Scriptures.

Old Testament Context

1. Cain and Abel: The first recorded act of violence in the Bible is the murder of Abel by his brother Cain. While the method is not explicitly described, it is an archetypal example of fraternal violence (Genesis 4:8). This act led to God's curse upon Cain, highlighting the severe consequences of such violence.

2. Mosaic Law: The Law given to Moses includes specific regulations regarding acts of violence. Exodus 21:18-19 addresses the situation where a person strikes another with a stone or fist: "If men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or his fist, and he does not die but is confined to bed, the one who struck him must pay for the lost time and see that the victim is completely healed." This law underscores the principle of restitution and the importance of personal responsibility for one's actions.

3. Stoning as Punishment: Stoning was a prescribed method of capital punishment for certain offenses under the Mosaic Law. For example, Leviticus 24:16 states, "Whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must surely stone him." This reflects the gravity of certain sins and the communal responsibility in upholding divine law.

New Testament Context

1. Jesus' Teachings: In the New Testament, Jesus addresses the issue of violence and retaliation. In the Sermon on the Mount, He teaches, "You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.' But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also" (Matthew 5:38-39). This teaching emphasizes forgiveness and non-retaliation, contrasting with the Old Testament law of retribution.

2. Paul's Instructions: The Apostle Paul, in his epistles, also speaks against acts of violence among believers. In 1 Corinthians 6:10, he lists "revilers" and "swindlers" among those who will not inherit the kingdom of God, implicitly condemning violent and abusive behavior.

Cultural and Theological Implications

The act of striking with a stone or fist in biblical narratives often serves as a symbol of human sinfulness and the need for divine justice and mercy. The transition from the Old Testament to the New Testament reflects a shift from legal retribution to a focus on grace, forgiveness, and reconciliation through Christ. The biblical treatment of violence underscores the sanctity of human life and the call for believers to live in peace and harmony with one another, following the example of Jesus Christ.